PLC based Automation design of an industrial process. Water Treatment Plant

Currently, water treatment plants are applied in water conservation projects, arising from the technology of automation control systems to ensure safe, continuous and high-quality water supply to municipalities. There are many areas where water treatment is required so that it can be used in various

Project Title

PLC based Automation design of an industrial process. Water Treatment Plant

Project Area of Specialization

Electrical/Electronic Engineering

Project Summary

Currently, water treatment plants are applied in water conservation projects, arising from the technology of automation control systems to ensure safe, continuous and high-quality water supply to municipalities. There are many areas where water treatment is required so that it can be used in various processes besides industrial processes. There are easily over 50 environmental laws, which industries must follow. The government of Pakistan has made it mandatory for all industries to treat water and reuse it for other industrial processes such as gardening. In the wastewater treatment plant, various processes must be checked and monitored regularly. Thus, it becomes tedious to handle the installation manually. The PLC automates the sequence of operations to avoid human interference to improve accuracy and increase process speed. The objective of this project describes the implementation of the PLC to the existing real-time model of the water treatment plant. Filtration plant automation ladder board is designed using OMRON PLC software. This project pertains to how the physical function of the filtration plant is transferred to an automated engineering device using a programmable logic controller. Explains how individual mistakes can be avoided. The developments presented can be used for the automation of the filtration process in any industry.

Project Objectives

• The main objctive of our project is to automate the water treatment plant using an industrial tool (PLC). 
• To make water potable( safe for drinking)
• To overcome the shortage of Safe drinking water in Pakistan
• To reduce the Human effort in treatment process
• To avoid chances of mistakes in the treatment  process

Project Implementation Method

The main objective of the project is to automate the water filtration plant. In this, factors such as pH, turbidity and flow are the measure factors throughout this procedure. The PLC accepts the output of the sensors, process them and produce the effective signals that will be used to turn the solenoid on or off valves for the next procedures in the next tanks.

Implementation of the project cosist of the following steps.

• Screening
• Coagulation
• Fluccolation
• Sedimentation
• Fitraion
• Disinfection

1.Screening

The first unit to be utilized in Water Treatment Plants is Screening. When water coming from the surface contains large suspended matter, as well as floating matter, which can be sticks, twigs, leaves, etc. screens are attached to water catchment structures or at the entrance to the treatment plant to remove suspended matter as well as floating matter such as branches, leaves and sticks.

2.Coagualtion

Coagulation process includes the addition of iron or aluminum salts such as aluminum sulphate, ferric sulphate, ferric chloride or polymers into water. These chemicals are called coagulants, and have a positive charge. The positive charge of the coagulant neutralizes and causes the neutralization of the negative charge of dissolved and suspended particles

3. Flocculation

Flocculation is the process in which the coagulants made in Coagulation process colloid with themselves and flocculants are made during this process which are heavier than water and sink to the bottom of the tank. In this way about 90% of the suspended particles are removed. For mixing the coagulants to the water, here we are using PWM based motor control circuit. With the help of this, by changing the duty cycle we can vary the voltage/speed of motor. In Flocculation process, we need slow mixing. When micro flocs will gain optimum size then it will drain to the sludge tank.

4. Sedimentation

The process of the removal of suspended particles by gravitational settling is called sedimentation. The water after coagulation may contain some remaining suspended impurities particles. So, to remove such particles sedimentation is done. Particles with a density greater than that of water are settled down under the action of gravity. Sedimentation tanks are designed to slow the flow of water so that suspended particles settle under gravity.

5. Filtration

To eliminate these microbes, bacteria, odor and taste, filtration is performed

6. Disinfection

A slow sand filter can remove up to 99% of pathogens. However, this percentage is lower in the fast sand filter. Therefore, to neutralize the effects of the remaining organisms; the water goes through the disinfection process. The killing of harmful bacteria with the help of chemicals or substances is called disinfection and chemical used are called disinfectants. Examples of disinfectants are hydrogen peroxide, formaldehyde, sodium hypochlorite phenol, etc.

Benefits of the Project

• Overall treatment process is automated
• We can get  24 hours deliverables(Clean water)
• To overcome the shortage of Safe drinking water in Pakistan
• To reduce the Human effort in treatment process
• To avoid chances of mistakes in the treatment  process

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

At the end of the automation of our treatment plant safe drinking water is obtained.

Final Deliverable of the Project

HW/SW integrated system

Core Industry

Agriculture

Other Industries

Food , Energy , Manufacturing , Health

Core Technology

Others

Other Technologies

Sustainable Development Goals

Good Health and Well-Being for People, Clean Water and Sanitation

Required Resources

If you need this project, please contact me on contact@adikhanofficial.com