IoT Based Speed Control of Three Phase Induction Motor Using VFD

Project Title

IoT Based Speed Control of Three Phase Induction Motor Using VFD

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

•In many countries energy saving is of great importance. In order to overcome energy crisis the only possible solution with minimum cost is to save energy. It has been stated that 25 percent of the world’s electricity is consumed by AC motors and there is a big problem associated with these motors that is, large starting inrush current. As the motor starts a large current is drawn by the motor which is of no use until motor reaches it synchronous speed.

•The Internet of Things (IoT) is an organization of physical items are installed with gadgets, sensor, network availability are given remarkable identifiers and the capacity to consequently gather and move information over an organization without expecting human-to-human or human to-PC association.

•A variable frequency drive is a device used in a drive system consisting of the following three main sub-systems: AC (Alternating Current) motor, main drive controller assembly, and drive operator interface

•A new trend to adjust the speed of a three phase induction motor is by using variable frequency drives. Generally, an induction motor can run only at its rated speed when it is connected directly to the main supply. However, many applications need variable speed operations.

Project Objectives

•The main objective is to increase the reliability of the motor application by using the recent technology advancement.

• This work ensure the continuous monitoring and easy control of high horse power induction motors used in variety of industrial fields

The main objective is to increase the reliability of the motor application by using the recent technology advancement. This work ensure the continuous monitoring and easy control of high horse power induction motors used in variety of industrial fields. By ensuring the system reliability abnormal conditions are easily identified and easily rectified. As Induction machines are used nearly 90% in industries, the economic data monitoring is required. The productivity of industries can be increased by doing the preventive maintenance of induction machines. By taking preventive measures the failure of system and cost of high horse power motors is protected. • To monitor and control an induction motor based on internet of Things (IoT) for safe and economic data communication in industrial fields. • To start or stop the induction machine to avoid system failures by Automatic and manual control methods. • To monitor and control the motors used in Electric vehicles(to make EV vehicle as automatic one).

Project Implementation Method Speed Control from Stator Side

• • V / f Control or Frequency Control

    Whenever three phase supply is given to three phase induction motor rotating magnetic field is produced which rotates at synchronous speed given by
    
    In three phase induction motor emf is induced by induction similar to that of transformer which is given by
    
    Where, K is the winding constant, T is the number of turns per phase and f is frequency. Now if we change frequency synchronous speed changes but with decrease in frequency flux will increase and this change in value of flux causes saturation of rotor and stator cores which will further cause increase in no load current of the motor . So, its important to maintain flux , ? constant and it is only possible if we change voltage. i.e if we decrease frequency flux increases but at the same time if we decrease voltage flux will also decease causing no change in flux and hence it remains constant. So, here we are keeping the ratio of V/f as constant. Hence its name is V/ f method. For controlling the speed of three phase induction motor by V/f method we have to supply variable voltage and frequency which is easily obtained by using converter and inverter set.

  • Controlling Supply Voltage

    The torque produced by running three phase induction motor is given by
    
    In low slip region (sX)2 is very very small as compared to R2. So, it can be neglected. So torque becomes
    
    Since rotor resistance, R2 is constant so the equation of torque further reduces to
    
    We know that rotor induced emf E2 ? V. So, T ? sV2.
    The equation above clears that if we decrease supply voltage torque will also decrease. But for supplying the same load, the torque must remain the same, and it is only possible if we increase the slip and if the slip increases the motor will run at a reduced speed. This method of speed control is rarely used because a small change in speed requires a large reduction in voltage, and hence the current drawn by motor increases, which cause overheating of the induction motor.

Benefits of the Project

• Increase efficiency. The biggest benefit of IIoT is that it gives manufacturers the ability to automate, and therefore optimize their operating efficiency. ...
• Reduce Errors. ...
• Predictive Maintenance. ...
• Improve Safety. ...
• Reduce Costs.
• Improved Productivity. In simple terms, Industry 4.0 technologies enable you to do more with less. ...
• Improved Efficiency. ...
• Increased Knowledge Sharing and Collaborative Working. ...
• Flexibility and Agility. ...
• Makes Compliance Easier. ...
• Better Customer Experience. ...
• Reduces Costs. ...
• Creates Innovation Opportunities.

• Three phase system has the following advantages as compare to single phase system:

• Power to weight ratio of 3-ø alternator is high as compared to 1-ø alternator. That means for generation for same amount of Electric Power, the size of 3-ø alternator is small as compare to 1-ø alternator. Hence, the overall cost of alternator is reduced for generation of same amount of power. Moreover, due to reduction in weight, transportation and installation of alternator become convenient and less space is required to accommodate the alternator in power houses.
• For electric power transmission and distribution of same amount of power, the requirement of conductor material is less in 3-ø system as compare to 1-ø system. Hence, the 3-ø transmission and distribution system is economical as compare 1-ø system.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Complete Hardware model

Comprehensive literature review of IOT and Three phase

Programming frameworks including Arduino

IOT software for monitring purpose

Self made app for controling

Assuming minimum delay

Not only one application, nowadays we are using speedcontrol everywhere.If you see, in speed control of induction motor either weused to control by changing the resistance or voltage orfrequency. Some of the real time applications of speedcontrol are:Fan (Single phase induction motor). The speed of thefan can be controlled by controlling the regulator. Theregualtor which actually change the resistance connectedin circuit, based on that it limits or increases the current.Washing machine.MixerElectric locomotives.Speed control of carsIn lifts. At the starting of the lift the speed is less. Afterthat it will become faster and once we reach our floor itwill again become slow.If you see jaint wheel,colombus, most the things in exhi-bitions are speed controlled

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry ManufacturingOther Industries Energy , Others Core Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other Technologies OthersSustainable Development Goals Affordable and Clean Energy, Decent Work and Economic Growth, Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	72100
Motor	Equipment	1	30000	30000
VFD Designing	Equipment	1	10000	10000
Arduino	Equipment	5	2000	10000
Transistor	Equipment	30	70	2100
Opto Coupler	Equipment	30	50	1500
Bread Board	Miscellaneous	10	200	2000
Wires	Miscellaneous	250	8	2000
Resistors	Equipment	50	10	500
Capacitors	Equipment	50	10	500
Inductor	Equipment	50	10	500
Multimeter	Equipment	4	3000	12000
Hard Board	Miscellaneous	1	1000	1000