IoT Based Smart Water Quality Monitoring System

Project Title

IoT Based Smart Water Quality Monitoring System

Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject Summary

Water is a limited resource and is essential for agriculture, industry and for creatures? existence on earth including human beings. Water quality monitoring is essential to control the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water. It provides information about the current health of the water body, whether the water body meets the designated use and how it has changed over time. Information gathered can be used to suggest that the water body requires improvement to meet its designated use and lead to actions to protect and restore the health of the water body. For example: Drinking water should not contain any chemical materials that could be harmful to health. Water for agricultural irrigation should have low sodium content. Water for industrial uses should be low in certain inorganic chemicals. In addition, water quality monitoring can help with water pollution detection, discharge of toxic chemicals and contamination in water. Temperature, pH, conductivity and turbidity are the typical parameters collected in river/lake water quality monitoring systems. The goal of this project is to design and manage a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) that helps to monitor the quality of water with the help of information sensed by the sensors immersed in water, so as to keep the water resource within a standard described for domestic usage and to be able to take necessary actions to restore the health of the degraded water body. A WSN featuring a high-power transmission Zigbee based technology together with the IEEE 802.15.4 compatible transceiver is chosen because of the simplicity of its deployment, low cost, minimal power consumption, reliability and high scalability.  The development of graphical user interface (GUI) for the monitoring purpose at the base monitoring station is another main component in the project. The GUI should be able to display the parameters being monitored continuously in real time.

Water is a limited resource and is essential for agriculture, industry and for creatures? existence on earth including human beings. Water quality monitoring is essential to control the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water. It provides information about the current health of the water body, whether the water body meets the designated use and how it has changed over time. Information gathered can be used to suggest that the water body requires improvement to meet its designated use and lead to actions to protect and restore the health of the water body.

For example:

• Drinking water should not contain any chemical materials that could be harmful to health.
• Water for agricultural irrigation should have low sodium content.
• Water for industrial uses should be low in certain inorganic chemicals.

In addition, water quality monitoring can help with water pollution detection, discharge of toxic chemicals and contamination in water. Temperature, pH, conductivity and turbidity are the typical parameters collected in river/lake water quality monitoring systems.

The goal of this project is to design and manage a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) that helps to monitor the quality of water with the help of information sensed by the sensors immersed in water, so as to keep the water resource within a standard described for domestic usage and to be able to take necessary actions to restore the health of the degraded water body.

A WSN featuring a high-power transmission Zigbee based technology together with the IEEE 802.15.4 compatible transceiver is chosen because of the simplicity of its deployment, low cost, minimal power consumption, reliability and high scalability.

 The development of graphical user interface (GUI) for the monitoring purpose at the base monitoring station is another main component in the project. The GUI should be able to display the parameters being monitored continuously in real time.

Project Objectives

The objectives of smart water quality monitoring system are:

• To measure perilous quality metrics like physical, chemical and microbial properties.
• To find the deviations in measured metrics and give timely warning in recognition threats or hazards.
• To provide real-time analysis of the sensor data and recommend appropriate corrective measures.

Project Implementation Method

The project implementation is divided in two main parts: hardware and the IOT implementation. The hardware setup includes the Arduino Uno interfaced with Ethernet Shield as microcontroller, Water Temperature sensor, PH sensor, Turbidity and flow sensor. Water samples with different levels of impurities are used for analysis. The microcontroller processes the data captured by the turbidity, Temperature, PH and conductivity sensors and then sends the data to the IOT cloud Platform. If the turbidity, temperature and the PH of the water sample are not within the safety limit, a warning SMS is automatically sent to the user through an applet made from the IFTTT (If This, Then That) platform. The IFTTT platform enables us to design custom applets which can be triggered depending on a specific condition. LCD screen which shows the varying parameter of the water. At the same the sensed data will be automatically sent to the open source IoT platform when a proper connection is established with server device.                                               For watching the result on remote location where the end user is situated he or she must log in into the Internet of Things (IoT) platform to enable remote monitoring of the water quality index.

The project implementation is divided in two main parts: hardware and the IOT implementation.

• The hardware setup includes the Arduino Uno interfaced with Ethernet Shield as microcontroller, Water Temperature sensor, PH sensor, Turbidity and flow sensor. Water samples with different levels of impurities are used for analysis. The microcontroller processes the data captured by the turbidity, Temperature, PH and conductivity sensors and then sends the data to the IOT cloud Platform.

If the turbidity, temperature and the PH of the water sample are not within the safety limit, a warning SMS is automatically sent to the user through an applet made from the IFTTT (If This, Then That) platform. The IFTTT platform enables us to design custom applets which can be triggered depending on a specific condition.

• LCD screen which shows the varying parameter of the water.
• At the same the sensed data will be automatically sent to the open source IoT platform when a proper connection is established with server device.                                               For watching the result on remote location where the end user is situated he or she must log in into the Internet of Things (IoT) platform to enable remote monitoring of the water quality index. 

Benefits of the Project

The most obvious benefit of water quality standards is that they protect water for the ways that we want and need to use them drinking water, fishing, irrigation, and much more. However, the standards have other less obvious, but still significant benefits. Protecting human health — Some pollutants pose risks to human health. Water quality standards protect human health and avoid the costs related to medical care, productivity loss, and even loss of life. This will help to increase the aquaculture production to a significant level. Further there is no need for manual testing, reduction of losses saves the labor cost, and also prevention of critical condition.  Maintain a continuously healthy water supply with an IoT   water quality monitoring system. Monitoring water quality helps to identify specific pollutants, a certain chemical, and the source of the pollution. Environmental planning methods: water pollution prevention and management. Peace of Mind— The benefit is that it offers peace of mind. You’ll know for sure if there’s anything wrong with your water and its quality without a doubt. Then, you can either relax or address the issue that was found with the test Having your water tested privately will cover a wide range of contaminants in your water. Every water treatment plant has different standards and tests that they run. By having your water tested yourself, you’ll know that a comprehensive analysis has been done on your water’s quality.

The most obvious benefit of water quality standards is that they protect water for the ways that we want and need to use them drinking water, fishing, irrigation, and much more. However, the standards have other less obvious, but still significant benefits.

• Protecting human health — Some pollutants pose risks to human health. Water quality standards protect human health and avoid the costs related to medical care, productivity loss, and even loss of life.
• This will help to increase the aquaculture production to a significant level. Further there is no need for manual testing, reduction of losses saves the labor cost, and also prevention of critical condition.
•  Maintain a continuously healthy water supply with an IoT   water quality monitoring system.
• Monitoring water quality helps to identify specific pollutants, a certain chemical, and the source of the pollution.
• Environmental planning methods: water pollution prevention and management.
• Peace of Mind— The benefit is that it offers peace of mind. You’ll know for sure if there’s anything wrong with your water and its quality without a doubt. Then, you can either relax or address the issue that was found with the test
• Having your water tested privately will cover a wide range of contaminants in your water. Every water treatment plant has different standards and tests that they run. By having your water tested yourself, you’ll know that a comprehensive analysis has been done on your water’s quality.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The proposed system uses four sensors which are

• PH sensor
• Temperature sensor
• Turbidity sensor
• SC8SG conductivity sensor
• Microcontroller unit (Arduino uno) as the main processing module.
• and one data transmission module ESP8266 Wi-Fi module (NodeMCU).

 The microcontroller unit is a significant part of the system developed for water quality measurement because The Arduino uno consumes low power, and it is a small size, where the size is a good use for a crucial point-of-sale technology criterion. Among four sensors, two of the sensors collect the data in the form of analog signals; the MCU has an on-chip ADC that translates the sensor analog signals into the digital format for further study. So, to get this analog output from the sensor, the sensor's analog output of will be connected to the MCU's analog pins. Whereas the other two sensors output directly connected to the digital pins of the MCU units. All the sensors’ data processed by the MCU and updated to the IOT Cloud server using the Wi-Fi data communication module ESP8266 (NodeMCU) to the central server.

The whole system is designed in Embedded-C and simulating the written code using Arduino IDE. In order to collect data on pH, turbidity, temperature, and humidity of the surrounding atmosphere, the water quality monitoring system employs sensors.

Authorized users can access these data using a user ID and password for accessing data on the IOT server by logging into their accounts. The information is gathered, stored, analyzed and transmitted in real-time.

The ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi module consists of a full TCP/IP stack Wi-Fi chip and microcontroller chip which is manufactured by M/S Espino. The code boots from external flash directly during the processing of the program, thereby increasing the system performance and the storage requirements due to their optimized cache capacity. ESP8266 uses Tx and Rx serial transceiver pins for sending and receiving data, for changing wireless module settings, for changing serial query commands. Two pins (Tx/Rx) are required to communicate, but only attached, between a Wi-Fi module and a microcontroller but connected oppositely. It is easy to set up an IoT application via Wi-Fi Module via SPI and UART.

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry HealthOther Industries Education , Agriculture Core Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other Technologies Cloud InfrastructureSustainable Development Goals Clean Water and SanitationRequired Resources

The project implementation is divided in two main parts: hardware and the IOT implementation. The hardware setup includes the Arduino Uno interfaced with Ethernet Shield as microcontroller, Water Temperature sensor, PH sensor, Turbidity and flow sensor. Water samples with different levels of impurities are used for analysis. The microcontroller processes the data captured by the turbidity, Temperature, PH and conductivity sensors and then sends the data to the IOT cloud Platform. If the turbidity, temperature and the PH of the water sample are not within the safety limit, a warning SMS is automatically sent to the user through an applet made from the IFTTT (If This, Then That) platform. The IFTTT platform enables us to design custom applets which can be triggered depending on a specific condition. LCD screen which shows the varying parameter of the water. At the same the sensed data will be automatically sent to the open source IoT platform when a proper connection is established with server device.                                               For watching the result on remote location where the end user is situated he or she must log in into the Internet of Things (IoT) platform to enable remote monitoring of the water quality index.