Simulation and Implementation of IOT Based Solar MPPT and Grid Hybrid System
Renewable energy is now at the center of world debate for its importance in future due to the rapid exhaustion of fossil fuels, the fight against global warming and for the provision of sustainable energy sources. The prices of electricity in Pakistan are very high and these prices increase with the
2025-06-28 16:35:01 - Adil Khan
Simulation and Implementation of IOT Based Solar MPPT and Grid Hybrid System
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummaryRenewable energy is now at the center of world debate for its importance in future due to the rapid exhaustion of fossil fuels, the fight against global warming and for the provision of sustainable energy sources. The prices of electricity in Pakistan are very high and these prices increase with the numbers of units consumed. With the shortage of nonrenewable resources (like fossil fuels etc.) nowadays to generate power, scientists and engineers are rapidly moving towards renewable resources like solar energy to overcome this problem of0modern era. Solar power technology is in use for decades, but the problem is solar panels are usually not operated at their maximum potential and they over charge the battery due to which the lifetime of battery reduces. In this project we will design a IOT (Internet of Things) based MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) solar charge controller using Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm. We will design hybrid solar system. During the daytime, solar energy will be used at maximum power point and we also use a battery to store electric charge and during the night we will shift from solar energy to electric grid. Thus, our priority will be solar energy and grid will be our second priority. This system will be based on IOT. We will use IOT to monitor the data like power consumption, battery voltage, load connected, solar panel voltage and current etc.
Main Aim:
Main Goals:
- IOT Based Hybrid Solar System
- Monitoring of Real Time Simulation
- Effective System for Today’s World
- Efficient Hybrid System
Keywords: IOT Module, Battery, Grid, Inverter, Solar Panel, P & O, MPPT Charge Controller, and Buck Convertor.
IOT Module Node MCU:
Monitoring for Real Time Simulations.
We want to create an efficient and reliable system to extract maximum power available from solar panels using MPPT algorithm/technique based on Internet of Things (IoT) and to replace the costly off-grid hybrid inverters by designing a circuit board inverter which can easily relate to existing ordinary solar inverter. By using IOT we will monitor the data from anywhere in the world.
Aim and objectives of this project is to create a model that has
- Optimize design.
- Cost efficiency
- Efficient solution
- To utilize the solar power efficiently.
- The losses of power will be minimum.
- To reduce the electricity bills.
- To replace the costly off-grid hybrid inverters by designing a circuit board which can easily relate to existing ordinary solar inverter.
- To make the looking of control board simply it can be understandable to
every person and it may be easy to repair in case of any damage. - To make it highly intelligent by continuously monitoring and automatic switching or sharing of powers.
- To create a web page using IoT where all parameters like Maximum Power, MPP Voltage, MPP Current, Panel efficiency etc., will be displayed.
In this project, we are designing MPPT solar charge controller and a hybrid solar system based on Internet of Things (IOT). First, we will select Polycrystalline solar panels for our project. Then we will design a Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) solar charge controller by using Internet of Things (IoT) to constantly calculate and maintain the maximum amount of power from a solar panel. We will use buck converter to step down the DC voltage. There are many MPPT techniques, but we will use Perturb and Observe algorithm to implement MPPT because it is efficient, inexpensive, and easy to implement.
We also design solar and grid hybrid system. This system will compare solar power with grid electricity. When both solar power and grid are available, then solar energy will be used. If solar energy is not present, then our system will check if battery is charged. If it is charged, battery will be used. When the battery is fully discharged and also there is no solar power available, then grid electricity will be used. All data like solar panel voltage and current, power consumed by load, MPPT efficiency, charge stored in battery, whether solar power is currently being used or battery or grid electricity etc., will be sent to firebase database. We can then access the data directly from firebase from anywhere in the world.
MPPT Solar Charge Controller:
Perturb and Observe (P&O) Algorithm
- The P&O algorithm is also called “hill-climbing”, but both names refer to the same algorithm depending on how it is implemented.
- Hill-climbing involves a perturbation on the duty cycle of the power converter and P&O a perturbation in the operating voltage of0the DC link between the PV array and the power converter.
- In the case of0the Hill-climbing, perturbing the duty cycle of the power converter implies modifying the voltage of0the DC link between the PV array and the power converter, so both names refer to the same technique.
- If there is an increment in the power, the perturbation should be kept in the same direction and if the power decreases, then the next perturbation should be in the opposite direction.
- The process is repeated until the MPP is reached. Then the operating point oscillates around the MPP.
- The P&O algorithm operated by the periodically perturbing (increasing or decreasing) the terminal voltage and then compare with the output power by the previous perturbation cycle.
- If the power increases, then one continues increasing the voltage or current in the same direction.
- If power decreases then continue vary the voltage or current in the reverse direction.
By using MPPT algorithm, efficiency of solar panels will be maximized, and power losses will be reduced. Electricity bills will be reduced because we will use solar energy as much as possible as compared to electrical grid. IOT will help us to monitor the data from anywhere in the world. We can find any fault by sitting anywhere in the world.
- Optimize Startegic Model.
- Use of Daily / Conventional Electricity as low as possible.
- Design of Model which has access to each member of society.
- Cost-effective solution
- To utilize the solar power efficiently.
- The losses of power will be minimum.
- To reduce the electricity bills.
- To make it highly so smart by continuously monitoring and automatic switching or sharing of powers on your personal Mobile Phones.
We Also try out best to imply some extra design components in the system that can identify priority statuses and instead raise alert or send SMS to the consumer to operate the switching manually. The participation of the house owner in case of emergencies, i.e., short circuit, forced shutdown of individual appliances and identification of faults increases further by developing such an alert system.
Our project is based on Internet of Things (IOT). We will be able to access the data directly from firebase database. Data like solar panel voltage and current, power consumed by load, charge stored in the battery, which source of electricity is currently working (solar or grid) etc., will be accessible from anywhere in the world through firebase. MPPT will allow the solar panels to work at their maximum power point to maximize power efficiency. Solar power will be selected as priority compared to grid electricity. We will also be able to monitor the current source of electric power through IOT.
All the outcomes of the proposed system will include:
- Significant reduction in cost and energy consumption
- Flexible system to repair for different sites.
- Evaluation of the performance of the system
IOT Based Hybrid Solar system is used to design the energy management system. The energy consumed from the grid will be reduced by more than 50% by this smart solar system. We are performing energy management by making this so smart in which control board perform these operations efficiently, but energy management can also be performed by some other inverters like Hybrid off grid inverter and hybrid on grid inverter. But if it is performed by this efficient solar system the accuracy and efficiency of the system can be improved greatly. Thus, making intelligent solar system is a valid and favorable choice in the industries and in the household appliance.
Given Module is IOT Based Completlely for Real Time Monitoring:
| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 71500 | |||
| Solar Module | Equipment | 2 | 6500 | 13000 |
| Battery | Equipment | 1 | 10000 | 10000 |
| IOT Module | Equipment | 1 | 4500 | 4500 |
| Transformer | Equipment | 2 | 5500 | 11000 |
| Current Sensor | Equipment | 2 | 800 | 1600 |
| Voltage Sensor | Equipment | 2 | 2500 | 5000 |
| Inductors | Equipment | 1 | 1800 | 1800 |
| Mosfets | Equipment | 12 | 200 | 2400 |
| Relay Module | Equipment | 1 | 1500 | 1500 |
| AC Loads | Equipment | 1 | 3500 | 3500 |
| Connecting Wires | Equipment | 1 | 300 | 300 |
| DC Wire 10 mm | Equipment | 1 | 2500 | 2500 |
| Electronic Components (Resistors, Capacitors, FET, Transistor, Diodes) | Equipment | 1 | 3500 | 3500 |
| Digital Multimeter | Equipment | 1 | 800 | 800 |
| Soldering Iron | Equipment | 1 | 800 | 800 |
| Soldering Wire | Equipment | 2 | 400 | 800 |
| Printed Circuit Boards | Equipment | 1 | 1000 | 1000 |
| Glass Used / Foundary | Equipment | 1 | 2500 | 2500 |
| Poster / Standees / Stands | Miscellaneous | 1 | 1500 | 1500 |
| Prototyping / Working Charges / Travelling Expenses | Miscellaneous | 1 | 3500 | 3500 |