IMPROVEMENT IN POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION WITH SCADA SYSTEM VERIFICATION
Modern power stations are more complex and flexible than the conventional power systems. For such a system Fault Location, Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR) plays important role. For greater reliability it is important to identify and isolate the fault as fast as possible. Power protection s
2025-06-28 16:33:05 - Adil Khan
IMPROVEMENT IN POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION WITH SCADA SYSTEM VERIFICATION
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummaryModern power stations are more complex and flexible than the conventional power systems. For such a system Fault Location, Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR) plays important role. For greater reliability it is important to identify and isolate the fault as fast as possible. Power protection systems detect uncertain conditions in electrical circuit and isolate it by using protective devices. The method that is going to be implemented here to do so includes monitoring the suitability of characteristics and supervisory control of backup protection through SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) which creates more powerful and intelligent protection system. In this project, SCADA monitors the system health and provides real time analysis. The whole system with SCADA and PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) is called PHIL (Power Hardware in the Loop). Various techniques are employed to protect the system against the faults which include single line-to-ground, double line-to-ground, and line to line faults to improve system reliability. The factors for the selection of any protection system are type of equipment, rating of equipment, place of the equipment, fault types, uncertain conditions. The abnormal behavior of a faulty component might cause damage within effective performance of the remainder of the system. This project minimizes the damage to the equipment and hindrances to the service when electrical failure occurs. This technique helps in reduction to the damages and increases the reliability of the system services. In this project, devices can communicate with one another. The devices are compact and self- contained and can detect the faults. When an uncertain condition exists, the signal from system trips the other circuit breaker (CB) as well which is called as the pilot protection and can completely isolate the line within less time.
In this project, the primary and secondary protection are also employed and shows the real-world scenario, and the timing is to be set accurately for and all the parameters also must be chosen correctly for greater sensitivity, security and eventually reliability.
A transmission line is also being made which includes three phase transformers and its differential protection as the project can also be marketed as a trainer and can effectively present the real-world scenarios for upcoming students.
Project ObjectivesThe project being in implementation has an objective of improving protection of a power system. The primary protection provided in this project will protect the power system from fault if it occurs, in a time faster than other protection provided. The secondary protection is provided as in case primary protection fails it can protect important equipment from burning out. The backup protection has late response as compared to primary protection due to the reason that it blackouts more area than the primary protection. The main reasons of not working of primary protection can be:
- Fault in CB.
- Fault in sensing device (Relay)
- Fault in tripping circuits.
- Losses of voltages and currents.
In case if backup protection is installed and the main protection fails then there are chances of severe damage to the system. The secondary protection works as main protection only when primary protection fails. The secondary protection should be installed if and only if primary protection fails to work and secondary protection should not fail subject to failure of primary protection. Secondary protection is located away from primary protection. Moreover, it is employed for equipment that are more critical and expensive.
The differential protection will look up for faults in the transformer’s transformation ratio and will trip if it detects the transformation ratio not to be matching.
Different labs can be performed using this project for students which include:
- Over/under voltage protection
- Fault current protection
- Differential protection
- Primary and secondary protection
- CT interfacing for PLC
- PLC programming
- SCADA interfacing
- SCADA monitoring
- Delta/star or star/star 3- phase transformer characteristics.
- Effect of single phasing or other faults on load and transformer.
- Transformer calculations, AWG calculations, load calculations, circuit breaker and relay calculations.
- Three phase fault analysis
In this project, three phase system will be made and different faults which include single line-to-ground, double line-to- ground and line-to-line faults are going to be performed on the system. The system will provide differential protection to the transformer, and overcurrent due to fault protection to the system. There will be primary and secondary protection for the system as well. The primary protection will trip as soon as a fault occurs and isolates only the line where fault has occurred whereas the secondary protection will trip after some time delay and will trip the whole system. SCADA will monitor the system and will keep us updated about the health of the system.
For more variety, as the system is also going to be used as a trainer, one transformer will transform three phases to single phase, the others will be delta to wye grounded transformers. For overcurrent, the CT will give input to PLC, which will send tripping signal to the Circuit Breaker and will send information to the SCADA system. The circuit breakers must be selected very precisely and with a lot of considerations for the system.
In pilot protection, if one breaker trips it will signal other breaker to trip as well along with it completely isolating the line.
Modern Power systems require modern type of protection design. When an engineer designs any power system, he should be aware of the protection of the system. For this purpose, the right selection is important and different schemes are used.
In this project, the system performance is going to be improved through continuous monitoring of the system through SCADA and isolate the fault through less costly and more advantageous pilot protection of the system. The project will also display other protection features of a power system which include the primary and secondary protection, differential protection, three phase transformer and its characteristics on fault.
The designed project will be analyzed and compared with already being used protection system. Protection through suitable and reliable devices are the key benefit for this project, the selectivity of protective devices is the important factor and for the right selection it is important to analyze the ratings. The design of the system should be in such that when any type of fault occurs in a particular zone then this zone’s protective devices should be cable of isolating the system in a minimal time. PHIL is the scheme which is applied in this project using PLC and SCADA in which circuit breaker and other devices are to be implemented and the whole system is called as PHIL. This technique for system is selected for this project to increase the efficiency of the protection as it also helps in the monitoring of system health. All calculations and results will be shared after the project is completed.
Technical Details of Final DeliverableFor the availability of three phases, UIT (Usman Institute of Technology) labs can be used but looking at the ongoing pandemic, a VFD (Variable Frequency Drive) might be used for the purpose of conversion of single phase to three phases.
CT will be used which will sense the amount of current flowing through the line and send the information to PLC which on one hand will be continuously delivering the information to the SCADA and on the other hand will send a tripping signal to the circuit breaker, if any fault has occurred. This circuit breaker, however, will have some time delay as it is working as the secondary protection for the whole system. This breaker is also connected to another breaker for pilot protection and on the occurrence of fault this breaker will be tripped along with the other breaker for fault isolation.
These three phases further divide to 3 separate, three phases after a busbar. The 3-phase transformer will have open terminals so that it can be connected in either delta or wye and the secondary side relates to neutral as it supplies the load. The differential and primary protection, as per plan is going to be installed at any one of these two 3-phase lines to not to be indulged in repetitive work. The characteristics on fault occurrence will be observed of the same transformer. The kVA rating, wire gauge, turns ratio, everything will be calculated and provided once the project is complete. The line to ground fault and line to line faults will be simulated on the network.
Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Education , Security , Telecommunication Core Technology OthersOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Quality Education, Affordable and Clean Energy, Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 80000 | |||
| Differential Relay | Equipment | 1 | 12000 | 12000 |
| PLC (PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER) | Equipment | 1 | 22000 | 22000 |
| 3-phase Circuit Breaker | Equipment | 2 | 4000 | 8000 |
| 3-phase Circuit Breaker with communication with SCADA | Equipment | 1 | 10000 | 10000 |
| 3-phase Transformers | Equipment | 3 | 5000 | 15000 |
| Current Transformers | Equipment | 3 | 1000 | 3000 |
| Wooden Board | Miscellaneous | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |
| Wires | Miscellaneous | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |
| Bus Bar | Miscellaneous | 3 | 500 | 1500 |
| Glue Gun | Miscellaneous | 1 | 1000 | 1000 |
| Other Costs | Miscellaneous | 1 | 3500 | 3500 |