extraction of hydroxyapatite from biowaste

Project Title

extraction of hydroxyapatite from biowaste

Project Area of Specialization Wearables and ImplantableProject Summary

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely used as an implant material due to its close similarity in composition to natural bone. HA ceramics show no toxicity, no inflammatory response, no pyrogenetic response, no fibrous tissue formation between implant and bone, and the ability to bond directly to the host bone.

Nanosized HA was newly developed and its properties suggested it to be superior in bone tissue engineering.

The conversion of waste obtained from agricultural processes into biocompatible materials (biomaterials) used in medical surgery is a strategy that will add more value in waste utilization. This strategy has successfully turned the rather untransformed wastes into high value products. Eggshell is an agricultural waste largely considered as useless and is discarded mostly because it contributes to pollution. The production of biocompatible material or biomaterial from agrowaste has added a different dimension to the utilization of agricultural waste for value added product.

This waste has potential for producing hydroxyapatite, a major component found in bone and teeth. Hydroxyapatite is an excellent material used in bone repair and tissue regeneration.

Eggshell based hydroxyapatite and nanohydroxyapatite stand as good chance of reducing the cost of treatment in bone repair or replacement with little impact on the environment.

Project Objectives

• First thing Like eggshell, other natural sources of hydroxyapatite have been identified such as use of natural bones, bovine bones and fish bones,  oyster shells, and corals. These were successfully converted into biomaterials.

• However, Some coral species are in danger of extinction and most coral species have slow growth rates. Therefore, it is urgent to explore new alternative materials that are renewable, low-priced, and easily accessible.

• The second thing is ,A good perspective of using eggshell is its non expensiveness and As renewable raw materials because of its abundance, its cheap availability, and its renewability

Project Implementation Method

Biowaste eggshells were cleaned and crushed into powder. Then, 2 g of that powder was dissolved in 20 ml 1:3 hydrochloric acid/water solution. Three solutions were prepared from three different kinds of fruit waste. Each solution used 80 g by weight of fruit waste and 1000 ml of water Each 80 g waste sample was boiled in 1000 ml of water for 10 min and then filtered. Five milli liter of this filtrate was added to 20 ml of the above eggshell solution and stirred gently but thoroughly. 0.85 ml (i.e. Ca/P molar ratio¼1.67) of 85% phosphoric acid was added little by little to the stirred mixture. NH4OH solution was added to keep the solution pH at 10. The mixtures were sealed in polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon)-lined stainless steel autoclaves and hydrothermal transformations took place at 150 1C for different reaction times (24 and 72 h) in independent experiments. The autoclaves were allowed to cool to room temperature naturally. The resulting products were powders; they were collected, rinsed with deionized water, and dried at 60 1C for 24 h, prior to examination.

The Crystalline phases are:

• X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
• Scanning electron microscope(SEM)
• Fourier transform Infrared (FT-IR)

Benefits of the Project

For sustainable development, wastes should be recycled, reused, and channelled towards the production of value added products.This is to protect the environment on one side and on the other side to obtain value added products while establishing a zero waste standard.

The development of biomaterials for bone tissue replacements has increased and attracted a lot of interest due to the rise in the number of patients that requires bone replacements, especially in those suffering from bone cancer, trauma, and ageing.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

As the final deliverable, we shall obtain Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles from eggshells and three kinds of fruit waste extracts: grape, sweet potato, and pomelo through a hydrothermal synthesis of eggshell and fruit waste extracts.

. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely used as an implant material due to its close similarity in composition to natural bone. HA ceramics exhibits no toxicity, no inflammatory response, no pyrogenetic response, nofibrous tissue formation between implant and bone, and the ability to bond directly to the host bone. Artificial HA has many applications, such as bone graft substitutes, sustained release drug delivery devices, and protein purification.

Further this project suggests recycling of egg shells, fruit waste extracts that can improve the ecosphere by reducing the need for waste management.

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemType of Industry Medical , Health Technologies Wearables and ImplantablesSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for PeopleRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	66000
Teflon lined Autoclave	Equipment	2	30000	60000
Chemicals	Miscellaneous	3	1000	3000
Testing	Miscellaneous	3	1000	3000