Design and implementation of smart energy meter featuring load Management

This project focuses on the design and implementation of the Smart Grid (SG) through efficient use of accessible resources with slight modification. The main part of our work is the fabrication of a cost-effective GMS based smart energy meter which displays readings on LCD, the instant power consump

Project Title

Design and implementation of smart energy meter featuring load Management

Project Area of Specialization

Wearables and Implantable

Project Summary

This project focuses on the design and implementation of the Smart Grid (SG) through efficient use of accessible resources with slight modification. The main part of our work is the fabrication of a cost-effective GMS based smart energy meter which displays readings on LCD, the instant power consumption at the user side, sends information to Grid through GSM modem. The power consumption on the grid station of each the user can be continuously monitored and recorded through SMS caster. A specified load is permitted to each user during peak hours. If the load exceeds the limit, then a warning is sent to the specific user by SMS Caster to reduce the load within specified limits to avoid electricity cut off after a few minutes. If a user doesn’t reduce his load during peak time, then first his luxury load will be cut off. If his load is still greater than the allowed limit, then his general load will be cut off. The user will only be permitted to use the lighting load during peak hours.   

Project Objectives

In this FYP, we intend to propose the bifurcation of electrical load into three categories:  

1. Necessity load

2. General load

3. Luxury load

Necessity load:  

It may consist of electric fans, lights, etc.

General load:  

It may consist of refrigerators, water pumps, Microwave ovens, etc.

Luxury load:  It may consist of air-conditioners, electric heaters, etc.  

During peak hours only, necessity load is permitted whereas during off-peak hours all kinds of loads are allowed. 

Project Implementation Method

This work mainly divided into two main sections;

1. Hardware

2. Software  

Hardware:

The design procedures for the proposed Arduino based system is described as follows:  

1. Define the interfacing parameters for LCD.

2. Assign a value for the circuit elements such as Relays, LCD, and Analog Inputs.

3. Initialize the input and output ports of the Arduino.

4. The parameter values are displayed.  

Current Measurement:  

The circuit makes use of current sensors ACS712. Three current sensors are employed for measuring currents of the connected loads. One connection is done with the incoming phase wire and on the other connection is done with the wire on which the load is connected. For current, the upper limit is set at 0.55A. The limit can be easily altered in case the load is changed. Here 3 lamps are connected as a load. Limits are set such that the circuit operates satisfactorily if 3 lamps are turned ON. When the load is more than 0.55A in the line during peak hours. The relay connected with the luxury load operates and disconnect the circuit. A message is sent through GSM stating the condition as overload and that’s why your luxury load has been disconnected.  If the current is still more than the 0.55A then after a few minutes the general load will also be disconnected. A message is sent through GSM stating the condition as overload and that’s why your home appliances load has been disconnected. When the peak time will be over, the disconnected load will be connected automatically. 

Frequency Measurement:

 The circuit makes use of IC555 timer. The IC555 is made to work in Astable mode. The lower limit for frequency is 45Hz and the upper limit is kept as 55Hz for the project. The limit can be easily altered as per the requirement. The circuit operates satisfactorily if the frequency is within the limits. The relay operates and isolates the circuit if the frequency falls outside the above limits. A message is sent through GSM stating the sensed condition as under frequency or over frequency.   

Voltage measurement:

 The transformers are employed for stepping down voltages. One connection is done with the incoming phase wire and the other connection is done with the neutral wire. For our project, we have set the working voltage range more than 180V. The voltage is varied with the help of a regulator. The limit can be easily altered as per the requirement. The circuit operates satisfactorily if the voltage is within the limits. The relay operates and isolates the circuit if the voltage falls outside the above limits. A message is sent through GSM stating the sensed condition as under voltage.  

Software:

We are using Arduino IDE software for the programming

Benefits of the Project

A smart meter that enables forced load shedding of a typical customer/user during peak hours.

 Software coding to dictate the smart machine (meter) to monitor/measure the load profile of a typical customer during the off-peak hours and peak hours. 

Reduce overall Load Shedding in Pakistan.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

 The proposed smart energy meter can be used to reduce power consumption during peak hours.

Final Deliverable of the Project

HW/SW integrated system

Type of Industry

Energy , Others

Technologies

Wearables and Implantables, Others

Sustainable Development Goals

Decent Work and Economic Growth, Responsible Consumption and Production

Required Resources

If you need this project, please contact me on contact@adikhanofficial.com