STAND ALONE SMART SOLAR PV SYSTEM FOR A GIVEN LOAD
Today the world is running out of the available energy resources. In Pakistan, the shortage of electricity is a big problem. Due to increase in population and electrical appliances, the demand for electricity has increased but electrical generation is less as compared to a demand for electri
2025-06-28 16:36:08 - Adil Khan
STAND ALONE SMART SOLAR PV SYSTEM FOR A GIVEN LOAD
Project Area of Specialization Wearables and ImplantableProject SummaryToday the world is running out of the available energy resources. In Pakistan, the shortage of electricity is a big problem. Due to increase in population and
electrical appliances, the demand for electricity has increased but electrical
generation is less as compared to a demand for electricity. So, the importance of renewable energy resources has increased so that the shortage of energy can be
compensated. Solar energy can overcome this issue to a great extent. Solar
energy is important because it is cheap and environmentally friendly.
A standalone PV system can be used to provide power to rural areas or the
areas where no source of energy is present. Stand-alone PV system uses the
solar panels that convert the solar energy into the electrical energy which is a
DC voltage. Then a DC voltage regulator is used which provide the fixed 12
volt and 5 volts DC voltage for the charging of batteries. Most of the electrical
appliances use AC voltage that's why we use the inverter to convert DC from
batteries to AC voltage. A transformer is used to step up the voltage to
standard 230 volt and 50 Hertz for running the appliances.
Power crises are the major issue we are facing in Pakistan which has created
many problems like the decline in economic power, less industrial production, etc. Producing electricity with the help of coal, gas or oil is not even
economical but it also causes pollution. Today world is running out of the
natural resources like fossil fuels so, we have to of some other resources.
Producing energy from renewable resources is the best option to tackle
this problem as it does not cause any pollution and it is also economical.
Renewable resources include biomass, sunlight, geothermal, etc.
Pakistan is blessed with a lot of natural resources. Pakistan is among
the top ten richest reservoirs of oil. We have gas reservoirs at Sui, major coal
reservoir in Thar. We have hydel power plants. But despite this we are facing
power crises is due to the fact that exploration of these resources requires costly
process including mining, drilling and then processing.
But the use of renewable resources is quite easy. Renewable
resources are never going to finish. They are present for a long time. Of all
of the renewable resources, sunlight is the major which can be used easily to
produce power almost everywhere.
In our project, we are focusing on sunlight as a source of energy and
making a standalone PV system for making electricity for use on a small level.
3
In the standalone PV system, we are using a solar panel which will convert the
sunlight energy into an electrical voltage which is a DC voltage. Then we a DC
voltage regulator because as the intensity of sunlight changes the output DC
voltage changes. A voltage regulator is used to maintain a constant DC voltage.
If we want to store energy in batteries for the use in a time when no sunlight
is present. Then we use a charge controller which prevent the battery from overcharging. The charge controller also acts as a voltage regulator.
Most of the electrical appliances we use today are AC mean they use the AC
voltage so, we have to convert the DC voltage into the AC voltage which can
be done with the help of an inverter. In our project, we are using a multilevel
inverter. As the levels of inverter increases, we get a more uniform sine wave. We
use a transformer to step up the output AC voltage to standard 230 volts.
Lighting
With the invention of LED (light emitting diode) technology as low power light-
ing sources, PV systems has an ideal application in remote or mobile lighting
systems. PV systems combined with battery storage facilities are mostly used to
provide lighting for billboards, highway information signs, public-use facilities,
parking lots, vacation cabins, lighting for trains.
Communications
Signals required by communication systems need amplification after intervals.
We use the repeaters or booster at regular intervals for the signal amplification.
These are far from power lines. To reduce the diculty solar systems can be
installed there for boosters.
Electricity for remote areas
Some areas are quite far from the distribution network to establish a connection
with the grid. Areas under construction also need power supply before they are
connected. PV systems are an attractive option for these cases. Furthermore,
PV systems can be backed up by conventional generators to provide uninterrupted supply.
Disaster Relief
Natural calamities often bring about an electricity crisis. As disasters such
as hurricanes, goods, tornadoes, and earthquakes destroy electricity generation
and distribution systems. In situations like these, where power will be out for
an extended period, portable or stand-alone PV systems can provide temporary
solutions for light, communication, food, and water systems. Emergency health
care centers can also be operated with the help of stand-alone PV systems.
Signal Systems
Navigational systems, such as lighthouses, highway and aircraft warning signals
can be far from the electric grid. PV systems can be a reliable power source
for these important applications. Even portable traffic lights can be powered
by PV systems.
Water Pumping
PV is a perfect candidate for agricultural and livestock purposes water during
the periods with bright sunshine. They can be directly used to water the elds,
or can store water for the time of need. They can be used to provide water to
remote areas and villages.
Today our energy requirements have increased and most of us are using them
natural resources to fuel, our needs. The rate at which these natural resources
(fossil fuels, oil, natural gas, etc.) are being used, there is a threat that incoming
years we will be facing a shortage of fossil fuels to be used as fuels for power
generation as a consequence of a lack of these resources there exists a grave
possibility of a severe energy crisis so we have to work on renewable resources.
The geographical location of Pakistan makes it the sun richest region with
the sunlight shining all year. This implies that a solar energy system will be
very efficient and useful in Pakistan. In our project, we will be presenting the
design of the stand-alone PV system which is just a prototype for the small scale
usage. In this synopsis, we have discussed the main components which will take
part in the design of the system. The components include the solar panel, regulator,
inverter and then the transformer. PV systems found its applications in a lot of
area like powering the houses, water pumps, satellite communication, powering
the electric vehicle, producing electricity on a commercial level, etc. Renewable
resources will be the main energy sources in the near future and PV systems
will be the major.
| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 70000 | |||
| Solar Panels | Equipment | 4 | 15000 | 60000 |
| batery | Miscellaneous | 1 | 10000 | 10000 |