Smart Energy Net Metering with IoT

Project Title

Smart Energy Net Metering with IoT

Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject Summary

Efficient energy utilization plays a very vital role for
the development of smart grid in power system. So, proper
monitoring and controlling of energy consumption is a chief
priority of the smart grid. The existing energy meter system has many problems associated to it and one of the key problem is there is no full duplex communication. To solve this problem, a smart energy meter is proposed based on Internet of Things (IoT). The proposed smart energy meter controls and calculates the energy consumption using ESP32, a Wi-Fi module and uploads it to the cloud from where the consumer or producer can view the reading. Therefore, energy analyzation by the
consumer becomes much easier and controllable. This system also helps in detecting power theft. Thus, this smart meter helps in home automation using IoT and enabling wireless communication which is a great step towards Digital.

An energy meter is a device used to monitor the electricity utilization/consumption. Meters usually involve real-time or near real-time sensors data to calculate current, voltage and power through Mobile Application
The main objective of this project is to design a single-phase smart energy meter using instantaneous power calculation. The device can be utilized to measure the amount of electric power consumed by electrical appliances. One of the goal is to monitor the consumption of electric energy using both current and voltage signal from power system. Voltage and current signal are sampled and analysed by using microcontroller. The devices is embedded with Wi-Fi monitoring and controlling operation. A microcontroller code is developed to measure the various energy parameters including current, voltage, real power consumption, power factor, and frequency on Mobile Application

Project Objectives

The energy meter available till now can only control and
monitor the energy consumption of customers. Smart energy
meter developed using power line communication (PLC) helps in power loss Several system using Arduino as well as
microcontroller have been developed though the efficiency to
measure power consumption drastically increased but due to
cost effective it may not be considered as the suitable one. The consumer cannot have a good and accurate track of the energy consumption on a more interval basis .The conventional meter has some of the common errors like.

• Time consuming.
• Specific amount of Unit assign to user
• Error while taking the information and extra human involvement.
• Consumer cannot have daily update of his/her usage.
• Consumer can consume only those units which will assign by the system.

as well as producer to monitor and control the energy
consumption on more immediate basis.

Project Implementation Method

The proposed system is cost effective and compact, so,
installment becomes much easier. The result will be uploaded and backuped to cloud for access later.
monitoring can be done by consumer/customer as well as
supplier/ producer.
In this proposed system, an energy meter is connected to
ESP32. An OLED  Lcd 20x4 display is also
connected to the system. In the driver circuit, ULN is used
to drive the relay in order to switch the loads. A current sensor is also equipped to determine the power theft. the
functional block diagram of the proposed smart monitoring
system.

The main functional unit of this system is discussed hereafter.

• WiFi module: - ESP32  12E is used here which is aprogrammable module with 80 MHz Microcontroller. As the module doesn’t have separate USB port, we need to use an external USB to Serial adapter such as our FT232R Serial to UART Board to develop code using this module.
• OLED Display: - OLED display is used here which doesn’t need backlight. The display can self-illuminate high resolution.
• Energy meter: - The analog meter used here is of An optocoupler senses the led calibrated from the energy meter and sends its output to ESP32 It consists of an LED that produces infra-red light and a semiconductor photo-sensitive device that is used to detect the emitted infra-red beam.  is used here in order to sense the Cal impulse from the energy meter.
• Current Sensor: -  current sensor gives precise current measurement for both AC and DC signals. These are good sensors for metering and measuring overall power consumption of systems.
• The ACS712 current sensor measures up to 5A of DC or AC current. In this system it is used in order to measure the power theft.
• Driver: - A relay driver is used in order to switch the load connected to the system.ULN2003 is used here.
• Load: - A 100W bulbs are connected as loads to the system.
• Power supply: - A 230V ac power supply is given to the system in order to power the energy meter. Wi-Fi module power is supplied by 5 V DC.

The Wi-Fi module is programmed using Arduino IDE software in order to calculate the pulse from energy meter. It senses the pulse via optocoupler and sent the data obtained to the cloud using ESP32 .The LED blinks 3200 times for 1 unit.
The blinking of LED is calculated for consumed power in units along with the cost of the units. The monitoring is done in every interval. The system also provides a power theft feature which is done using the current sensor connected to the system. Thus, the system doesn’t involve human providing less human
error.

Benefits of the Project

This Project provides wireless meter reading system that can
monitor and analyze the data at every interval providing
accurate results on Mobile Application with less error. Some of the advantages of
this smart system are: -

• Energy conservation.
• Lots of time and power saving from power department.
• Automatic control of energy meter through mobile Application
• To make consumer keep the track of energy meter.
• Power theft detection.

Some of the disadvantages are:-

• Sometime the system takes time to upload the data depending on the Internet Speed and Module baud rate.

The IoT concept can also be implemented in various
working environment such as home automation, automatic
water level detector and traffic control system etc.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

images/'Smart Energy Net Metering with IoT' _1659399128.

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry ITOther Industries Others Core Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other Technologies Cloud InfrastructureSustainable Development Goals Affordable and Clean Energy, Decent Work and Economic Growth, Responsible Consumption and ProductionRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	63400
Microcontroller	Equipment	2	4500	9000
ESP32	Equipment	1	3200	3200
Adapter	Equipment	2	400	800
LCD 20*4	Equipment	2	1600	3200
Current Transformer	Equipment	2	500	1000
Voltage Transformer	Equipment	2	700	1400
Sockets, wires	Miscellaneous	6	200	1200
Power jacks	Miscellaneous	4	200	800
Relays	Equipment	10	900	9000
Buck	Equipment	2	900	1800
Breadboard	Equipment	1	1000	1000
Mobile Application	Equipment	1	5000	5000
PCB	Equipment	6	1000	6000
other	Equipment	2	10000	20000