Real Time Vehicle Crash Avoidance System using VANET

Project Title

Real Time Vehicle Crash Avoidance System using VANET

Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject Summary

Accident is the major reason of death because there is a more risk to human life on the roads rather than other. Road safety has always been the main concern for people and you never know when an accident could occur because most of the accidents occur either by the distraction of driver or when drivers can’t see the other vehicles approaching with high speed from any direction. VANET is a type of network protocol that is created from the concept of establishing a communication of cars for a specific need or situation. VANET has now been established as reliable networks that vehicles use for communication purpose on highways or urban environments. The main objective of VANET is to help a group of vehicles to set up and maintain a communication network among them without using any infrastructure or any controller. VANET is a cutting-edge field in networking because in VANET communication cluster of cars gives drivers a sixth sense to know what’s going on around them to help avoid accidents and traffic flow. Its applications can be countless like notifying drivers about:

• Emergency Braking Vehicle Ahead

• Blind Spot warning

• Lane Change warning

• Forward Collision warning

• Do Not Pass warning

• Intersection Assist

• Turn Assist

• Emergency Vehicles passing

Therefore, in this project we are using a VANET protocol to promote vehicular inter communication. This protocol will enable all connected vehicles to signal or notify each other before occurrence of any accident or collision. And this all is achieved through a circuit patched on the vehicle. But ultimate control is in the hands of driver. We will implement and test this protocol with robotic vehicle models.

Project Objectives

Nearly 1.25 million people die in road crashes each year, on average 3,287 deaths a day. An additional 20-50 million are injured or disabled. More than half of all road traffic deaths occur among young adults (ages: 15-44). The main objective of deploying VANET is to improve the road safety and reduce the number of accidents. Basically, Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is prevalent in Intelligent Transportation Systems, it obtains to provide services for passenger comfort and provide road safety which is related to safety of human lives. One application of this project is to detect and avoid accidents shown through unique vehicular interconnection and characterized by vehicle mobility in the VANET. One application of VANET is performed that is accident detection/avoidance to show the network connectivity of models to accurately characterize effect of vehicle mobility on VANETS. Vehicular technology is gaining momentum as vehicles are increasing in a rapid manner. The future of VANET is very bright as new ideas and scopes are coming up in recent times. We are working in these upcoming areas to provide safety and security to mankind to:

• reduce number of accidents in tailgating scenario
• protect human life
• emergency services
• enhance roadside safety and security of general public
• due to accidents vehicles are destroyed and by preventing accidents we can save millions of dollars
• learn the VANET and scaling-up it’s scope

Project Implementation Method

Understanding of VANET:

Vehicular Ad hoc network (VANET) is made up of an assembly of wireless vehicle nodes that move randomly within a network and can communicate with each other anywhere without any centralized infrastructure which is Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC).

Working on sensors for collection of data:

Ultrasonic sensor for measuring distance and IR sensor for measuring speed of car by RPM logic.

Ultrasonic sensor gives duration for travel and echo of ultrasonic waves, from this distance can be calculated as:

s=duration×0.034÷2

Speed of vehicle is calculated by the phenomenon of IR sensor raising interrupt whenever it detects a strip on tire of vehicle, using this interrupt we calculate revolutions of tire. Time for each revolution is calculated by subtracting new revolution time from previous time (start at 0), and saving new time as previous time for next calculations. Then use this time and count revolutions for a minute. The equation is given as:

rpm=rev÷time×6000

We would have also used a sensor for brake state if we had worked in real cars but for the time being in our car models, we will use stop function as brake state.

Understanding transceivers to configure it for transmission and receiving:

We are using Wi-Fi modules for wireless communication of cars.

To integrate sensors and transceivers modules in a single circuit:

Integration of all modules because it had to work properly keeping all individual functions running and collaborating with transceiver modules for transmitting and receiving info of other vehicles and taking decisions on basis of coming info.

To customize the circuit for minimizing the size and cost:

Our car models are basic robotic models running on Arduino microcontrollers and our WiFi modules and transceivers, sensors and microcontrollers will also be a part of this model in each model.

Benefits of the Project

The promise of safe driving, intelligent traffic system, early warning signals for motorists that could minimize road mishaps, increase road conditions advisement, and provision of better in-transit communication, inter-vehicle communication, and road-vehicle communication are some of the hallmark of vehicle ad hoc network (VANET ).Road Transportation Emergency Services where VANET communications, VANET networks, and road safety warning and status information dissemination are used to reduce delays and speed up emergency rescue operations to save the lives of those injured.

Emergency Braking Indication, which allow a driver (or an autonomous car or truck) to react to vehicles breaking even though they might be obscured (e.g., by other vehicles or anything).

Platooning, which allows vehicles to closely (down to a few inches) follow a leading vehicle by wirelessly receiving acceleration and steering information, thus forming electronically coupled "road trains".

Traffic information systems, which use VANET communication to provide up-to-the minute obstacle reports to a vehicle's satellite navigation system

Road Transportation Emergency Services where VANET communications, VANET networks, and road safety warning and status information dissemination are used to reduce delays and speed up emergency rescue operations to save the lives of those injured.

On-The-Road Services also envisioned that the future transportation highway would be "information-driven" or "wirelessly-enabled".  VANET can help improve traffic efficiency.

A prerequisite for this is further technological development of assistance systems with more capable sensor and information technologies, allowing for a steady automation of driving tasks in vehicle control, right up to self-driving vehicles.

Human Life Saving applications of this project are countless, it doesn't only saves driver and passengers but pedestrians and other people on road sides too.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

First of all, we studied the VANET from different research papers. After a lot of study and research we understood the basics of VANET.

The main difficulty was how to implement VANET and selection of module for implementation of “IEEE 802.11p”. To hold vehicular networks IEEE has enlarged its version from IEEE 802.11 protocols to IEEE 802.11p in agreement with DSRC band which describes the medium access and physical layers of VANET. A network with minimum delay for data delivery, less retransmissions, and high connectivity time can provide (In order to timely and properly sending data packets from one node to another). Dynamic network environment is challenging task in VANET design.

Then, we got struck at integration of all modules because it had to work properly keeping all individual functions running and collaborating with transceiver modules for transmitting and receiving info of other vehicles and taking decisions on basis of coming info. We are currently working on this to achieve this milestone in desired time.

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry TelecommunicationOther Industries Transportation , Security Core Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for People, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Sustainable Cities and CommunitiesRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	36495
Robotic Car model Chassis for RC car	Equipment	2	1500	3000
Robotic Car model Chassis for line follower car	Equipment	4	1000	4000
Gear Motors for Robotic car models	Equipment	8	150	1200
Tires for Robotic car models	Equipment	10	80	800
Arduino Uno + Cable	Equipment	6	1200	7200
L298N Motor Driver Shield	Equipment	3	400	1200
Bluetooth module HC-05	Equipment	1	600	600
Rechargeable Batteries 18650 3.7v	Equipment	20	250	5000
Rechargeable Batteries 18650 3.7v holder	Equipment	6	100	600
Jumper Wires	Equipment	40	5	200
Switch	Equipment	1	40	40
IR sensor module	Equipment	4	150	600
Ultra Sonic sensor HC-SR04	Equipment	2	200	400
Wireless transceiver module	Equipment	3	500	1500
USB to TTL module	Equipment	1	250	250
Wire rolls	Equipment	2	50	100
DMM	Equipment	1	2000	2000
Rechargeable Batteries 18650 3.7v charger	Equipment	1	500	500
Glue Gun	Equipment	1	600	600
Silicon rods	Equipment	10	20	200
Soldering iron	Equipment	1	500	500
Soldering paste	Equipment	1	50	50
Solder	Equipment	5	30	150
LED	Equipment	5	5	25
Buzzer	Equipment	2	50	100
Extension	Miscellaneous	1	250	250
Tape for line follower car	Miscellaneous	2	30	60
Proposal + Mid + Final report printing	Miscellaneous	6	100	600
Standee for open house	Miscellaneous	1	250	250
Poster of FYP for standee	Miscellaneous	1	200	200
TA / DA for components and others (local+metro)	Miscellaneous	22	60	1320
Thesis books	Miscellaneous	3	1000	3000