PHYSIOCHEMICAL & MICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF WATRER, MILK & JUICE SAMPLES VANDED IN KARACHI PAKISTAN & ITS EFFECT ON HEALTH

Unsafe drinking water is one of the major concerns in developing countries; in the southern Sindh province of Pakistan, where the drinking water quality is deteriorating due to unrefined urban waste and excessive used of agrochemicals. Study aimed to assess the quality of different brands of water,

Project Title

PHYSIOCHEMICAL & MICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF WATRER, MILK & JUICE SAMPLES VANDED IN KARACHI PAKISTAN & ITS EFFECT ON HEALTH

Project Area of Specialization

Biomedical Engineering

Project Summary

Unsafe drinking water is one of the major concerns in developing countries; in the southern Sindh province of Pakistan, where the drinking water quality is deteriorating due to unrefined urban waste and excessive used of agrochemicals. Study aimed to assess the quality of different brands of water, juice & milk samples and to compare it with national & international standards. pH and Total Dissolved solids (TDS) of the bottled drinking water due to rapid industrialization and over exploitation of ground water resources, there is a drastic change taking place in environment. Now a day's water pollution is a major problem. TDS correlates positively with conductivity and affects pH. The higher the TDS, the higher the conductivity and the lower the pH of water's for all sorts of health problems, like, osteoporosis to cancer, kidney stone and Stomach ulcer towards the acidity. 20 domestic bottled water brands of Karachi city, Pakistan were analyzed for biochemical tests like pH, TDS & conductivity as water quality parameters. These parameters indicate the quality of drinking water. From the study of above parameters observed that all the samples are not in the permissible limits of Pakistan Standards for drinking water and WHO guidelines for drinking water. So bottled water in Karachi, Pakistan is not suitable for drinking. 5 local Juice and milk brands of Karachi city were analyzed for quality parameters i.e pH, TDS, vitamins, Ca, P, Fe, additives, preservatives, impurity & dilution of water quantity in milk samples. These parameters indicate the quality of product. Microbial contamination in water, juice & milk one of the major concerns in quality assurance. Milk in its natural form has a high food value, since it is comprised of a wide variety of nutrients which are essential for proper growth and maintenance of the human body. In recent decades, there has been an upsurge in milk consumption worldwide, especially in developing countries, and it is now forming a significant part of the diet for a high proportion of the global population. Water is the most common adulterant used, which decreases the nutritional value of milk. If the water is contaminated, for example, with chemicals or pathogens, this poses a serious health risk. To the diluted milk, inferior cheaper materials may be added such as reconstituted milk powder, urea, and cane sugar, even more hazardous chemicals including melamine, formalin, caustic soda, and detergents. These additions have the potential to cause serious health-related problems. 

Project Objectives

The aims to investigate the impacts of impure water, juice & milk fraud on nutrition and food safety, and it points out the potential adverse human health effects associated with the consumption of adulterated milk, water & juice brands. The objective of this study was to compare the nutritional composition and microbial quality of both branded and non-branded marmalades. Oranges were purchased from local markets while tangerines were product of in-house farm at Food Science and Product Development Institute (FSPDI), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad. Juices were extracted and kept in sterilized and sealed glass bottles. Samples were subsequently analyzed for Total Plate Count (TPC), yeast, moulds, pH, sugars and vitamin C contents. Marmalade was prepared from blended juices of orange and tangerine. Branded marmalades i.e., National, Mitchells and Salman’s were purchased from local markets and compared with non-branded (orange

Project Implementation Method

• Indicates the quality of products 

• Indicates the range of pH level in water juice and milk 

• Indicates the TDS total dissolve solvent

• Measure  the acidic and basic range

• Purities and impurities of water milk and juice

• The logarithmic scale of a pH meter is set from 1–14, wherein 1–6 is acidic, 7 is neutral, and 8–14 is alkaline.

• Take a calibrated beaker and pour 100 ml water to be tested for pH as that is the standard sampling quantity.

• Switch on your pH meter and allow it to warm up for about half an hour.

• Reduce the exposure to air as much as possible, because the water, in case it is alkaline, may react with atmospheric carbon dioxide to form carbonic acid

Analysis  of different water Brands from different areas,  Vended in Karachi 

BRAND NAME PH OF WATER.           

&TDS

Pure drinking water .MAJU 7.8 pH                    427 ppm

Tap water at canopy MAJU 8.6 pH                    456 ppm

P.E.C.H.s BLOCK #6 pure water 8.2 pH                    488 ppm

P.E.C.H.s BLOCK 2 Niazi pure water 7.8 pH                     370 ppm

Tap water at Masjid MAJU 8.6 pH                    456 ppm

MALIR  Aqua water 5.2 pH                    488 ppm

New Karachi  pure water 7.8 pH                     470 ppm

Gulshan  Aqua water 4.8 pH                    498 ppm

                   Page 11           

North Karachi  Clear water 8.4 pH                     770 ppm

I I Chandigarh road  Clean water 5.2 pH                    488 ppm

Johor  Drinking water 7.8 pH                     670 ppm

Sadder Drinking water 4.8 pH                     670 ppm

Analysis of different Brands of MILK 

BRAND NAME PH OF MILK.                  

Everyday powder milk          7.5                      

NIDO powder milk          7.9                                 

MILK PACK          6.9                      

OLPER MILK          7.8.                       

                                                      Page 12

 Analysis of different Milk Shop Vended in Karachi

AREA NAME       PH OF MILK.                  

PECHS BLOCK 2          8.5.                       

GULSHAN          7.5.                                

AB CENIA          7.3.                       

PECHS Block 6          7.8.                       

Analysis of different Brands of JUICE

BRAND NAME PH OF JUICE.                  TDS

Slice Juice 2.9 pH                   1200Ppm

Nestle Juice 2.5 pH                     1500ppm          

Day fresh 3.3 pH                     1640ppm

PAKOLA 3.8 pH                   1770ppm

Benefits of the Project

The aims to investigate the impacts of impure water, juice & milk fraud on nutrition and food safety, and it points out the potential adverse human health effects associated with the consumption of adulterated milk, water & juice brands. The objective of this study was to compare the nutritional composition and microbial quality of both branded and non-branded marmalades. Oranges were purchased from local markets while tangerines were product of in-house farm at Food Science and Product Development Institute (FSPDI), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad. Juices were extracted and kept in sterilized and sealed glass bottles. Samples were subsequently analyzed for Total Plate Count (TPC), yeast, moulds, pH, sugars and vitamin C contents. Marmalade was prepared from blended juices of orange and tangerine. Branded marmalades i.e., National, Mitchells and Salman’s were purchased from local markets and compared with non-branded (orange

These parameters indicate the quality of drinking water. From the study of above parameters observed that all the samples are not in the permissible limits of Pakistan Standards for drinking water and WHO guidelines for drinking water. So bottled water in Karachi, Pakistan is not suitable for drinking. 5 local Juice and milk brands of Karachi city were analyzed for quality parameters i.e pH, TDS, vitamins, Ca, P, Fe, additives, preservatives, impurity & dilution of water quantity in milk samples. These parameters indicate the quality of product. Microbial contamination in water, juice & milk one of the major concerns in quality assurance. Milk in its natural form has a high food value, since it is comprised of a wide variety of nutrients which are essential for proper growth and maintenance of the human body. In recent decades, there has been an upsurge in milk consumption worldwide, especially in developing countries, and it is now forming a significant part of the diet for a high proportion of the global population. 

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

nutritional composition and microbial quality of both branded and non-branded marmalades. Oranges were purchased from local markets while tangerines were product of in-house farm at Food Science and Product Development Institute (FSPDI), 

Final Deliverable of the Project

Hardware System

Core Industry

Health

Other Industries

Food

Core Technology

Shared Economy

Other Technologies

Sustainable Development Goals

Clean Water and Sanitation

Required Resources

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