Rising energy costs, losses in the present-day electricity grid, risks from nuclear power generation, and global environmental changes are motivating a transformation of the conventional ways of generating electricity. Globally, there is a desire to rely more on renewable energy resources (RERs) for
integration of renewable energy resources
Rising energy costs, losses in the present-day electricity grid, risks from nuclear power generation, and global environmental changes are motivating a transformation of the conventional ways of generating electricity. Globally, there is a desire to rely more on renewable energy resources (RERs) for electricity generation. RERs reduce greenhouse gas emissions and may have economic benefits, e.g., through applying demand-side management with dynamic pricing so as to shift loads from fossil fuel-based generators to RERs. The electricity grid is presently evolving towards an intelligent grid, the so-called smart grid (SG). One of the major goals of the future SG is to move towards 100 percent electricity generation from RERs, i.e., towards a 100 percent renewable grid. However, the disparate, intermittent, and typically widely geographically distributed nature of RERs complicates the integration of RERs into the SG. Moreover, individual RERs have generally a lower capacity than conventional fossil-fuel plants, and these RERs are based on a wide spectrum of different technologies. In this article, we give an overview of recent efforts that aim to integrate RERs into the SG. We outline the integration of RERs into the SG along with their supporting communication networks. We also discuss ongoing projects that seek to integrate RERs into the SG around the globe. Finally, we outline future research directions on integrating RERs into the SG
The objective hybrid energy system consists of three major blocks such as wind energy conversion system, solar energy conversion system, and full-bridge inverter. In the proposed controller the voltage stability is obtained by applying the adaptive Honey-Bee Optimization (HBO) algorithm.
A hybrid energy system consists of three major blocks such as wind energy conversion system, solar energy conversion system, and full-bridge inverter. In the proposed controller the voltage stability is obtained by applying the adaptive Honey-Bee Optimization (HBO) algorithm.
| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar | Equipment | 5 | 5000 | 25000 |
| wind | Equipment | 1 | 12000 | 12000 |
| Controller | Equipment | 1 | 5000 | 5000 |
| batree | Equipment | 5 | 800 | 4000 |
| Total in (Rs) | 46000 |
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