Feeder Protection Using Numerical Relay

Project Title

Feeder Protection Using Numerical Relay

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

The project is about the designing and testing of numerical relay for feeder protection. Numerical relay is a microprocessor based relay that uses software based protection algorithm to detect faults. This relay plays vital part in Power System Protection as it is designed to trip the circuit breaker when the fault is detected. 

In this project numerical relay is designed because of its reliability, flexibility and multifunctional capability in detecting faults in the power system. So, this numerical relay also has multifunctional capability having the functionalities of:

• instantaneous overcurrent relay
• definite time overcurrent relay
• inverse time overcurrent relay
• under voltage relay

Project Objectives

The objective of this project is to manufacture a relay that can be used in the power sector especially in Pakistan.This product in not manufactured in Pakistan so it will be feasible for concerned authorities to use a locally manufactured cost effective relay instead of importing it from other countries.
 

Project Implementation Method

The project is implemented in the following steps

1. Literature Review
2. Separate simulation and implementation of numerical relay functionalaities/ features (instantaneous overcurrent, definite time overcurrent, inverse time overcurrent and undervoltage relay) on "Proteus" Software.
3. Complete impelemntation of relay all features on "Proteus". 
4. Implementation of all features on hardware. 
5. Report Writing through all the implementation method

Benefits of the Project

• This relay is compact in size and has less maintenance cost as compared to the electromechanical relays which are difficult to maintain because it has number of mechanical parts. Also this is more accurate than electromechanical relays
   
• It has multifunctional capability which will directly reduce its cost and will be feasible for the concerned authorities to consider it for its use in the power system protection.
   
• As it is a microprocessor based relay, it can also be programmed to detect other type of faults.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The final delieverable of  the numerical relay will provide protection against overcurrent and undervoltages. The final prototype will contain four main units

1. Input Unit: The input unit will provide analog signals to Control unit by Current transformer and potential transformer.
2. Control Unit: The control unit consists of the microcontroller Arduino UNO which will perform the fault  detection mechanism according to the signals of the CT and PT.
3. HMI Unit: The Human Machine Interface(HMI) Unit consists of the keypad and lcd module. The keypad is used to set threshold values and the lcd module is used to display the relay functions and fault status.
4. Output Unit: The output unit consists of a relay which will acts as the circuit breaker when the fault is detected. 

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry Energy Other IndustriesCore Technology OthersOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	29450
220V/ 5V Single phase Transformer	Equipment	2	250	500
220V /3V Single phase Transformer	Equipment	2	250	500
DC Power Supply	Equipment	1	150	150
ACS712 Current Sensor Module (30A)	Equipment	2	350	700
ACS712 Current Sensor Module (30A)	Equipment	1	350	350
Male to Female and Male to male wires	Equipment	80	8	640
20x4 LCD module	Equipment	2	750	1500
16x2 LCD module	Equipment	1	350	350
4x4 Keypad	Equipment	2	150	300
Metal Sheet	Equipment	1	8000	8000
Arduino UNO	Equipment	2	850	1700
AC Lamp	Equipment	8	320	2560
Acrylic Sheet	Equipment	2	1100	2200
Printing	Miscellaneous	3	500	1500
Overhead	Miscellaneous	2	4250	8500