Emission analysis of gasifier stove

Project Title

Emission analysis of gasifier stove

Project Area of Specialization Mechanical EngineeringProject Summary

The use of fossil fuels as primary energy source has led to a negative impact on the environment such as the global warming and air pollution. Worldwide efforts are being made to produce different technologies based on environmentally-friendly energy production in the last years. Another global issue faced is waste management.The disposal of this waste is a major problem. The residues like wheat and rice husk, sawdust from carpentry shops, groundnut shells, and dry leaves from plants are available in a large quantity. Apart from the problems of storage, transportation and easy handling of this waste, burning of biomass in grates poses a greater problem of widespread air pollution. Also, the conversion efficiencies are poor. There is a rising issue of depletion of conventional forms of energy. Energy is a key factor in the development of any country. But due to large scale exploitation of fossil fuels like coal, petrol, diesel, etc. there is a possibility of these fossil fuels fading away. In the view of above problems our propose is to fabricate a machine which will convert the waste biomass (agro waste) into a reusable form of Pallets which will be easy to handle, transport and stor

Project Objectives

The use of wood pellets depends on the objective. Pellet fuel can be used for various reasons: from 100% carbon neutral heating (home and/or business) to horse bedding, for example. For clarification, we wrote an  article on what wood pellets are here.

If wood pellets are manufactured from sustainable sources, with proper technology, and delivered on short distances from local storing depots, they represent a zero carbon heating option for any home or business.

This is the main reason we at Balcas Energy are promoting the sustainability story of our pellets, as we make them in lour two local plants in Northern Ireland and Scotland, from wood obtained from our local sustainable forests. Using green energy for manufacturing the pellets is another factor that contributes to the carbon neutral benefit. You can read about the entire manufacturing process in Balcas Energy* here.

Climate change is a real threat to our planet and it’s one of the most important reasons why home owners and businesses opt in for renewable energy. Using pellets as a renewable fuel can benefit the climate thanks to a two-fold displacement effect:

• First, energy is produced from biomass when it would otherwise have been produced by fossil-fuel energy, so significant emissions are avoided by keeping those fuels in the ground.
• Additionally, the alternative fate of wood residue would most likely be to rot and decay, emitting greenhouse gases as it did so.

While the action of burning wood waste itself creates CO2, the net effect is beneficial because of these displacement effects.

Project Implementation Method

The idea is to fabricate a machine which would have mixing, blending, and compressing chambers. The first section would be comprised of a hopper to feed the input, which would pass to cutting chamber. The cutter would cut the input material into powdered form. A sieve-like plate would be mounted below it to pass this powdered biomass to blending chamber. Here the binder and water would be added to the powdered biomass. Many naturally occurring binders may be used like wheat flour (wastage from mills), wet paper pulp, cow dung etc. The mixing would be done by helical blender, as it is the most efficient blender for handling. The next part would be the final stage of the machine. The thick mixture would be passed onto a die. The rollers would be mounted such that there is a clearance between the rollers and the die. The die, being mounted on the central shaft along with the cutting blade and blender, would rotate during the operation. The rollers have their axis perpendicular to the central shaft axis, and the axle that passes through the rollers would be mounted in the casing.The collection of cylindrical shaped Pallets would be done in the chamber under the die from which the Pallets would proceed to drying.

Benefits of the Project

In term of Machine

1. Machine is easy to troubleshoot and for maintenance.

2. Design is compact so consumes less floor space.

3. The machine is wide open to future modifications and sophistication.

 In term of products (Pallets)

1. The fuel pellets is easy to burn and have good calorific value due to compaction.

2. An excellent substitute to conventional fuel at very optimal cost (Only manufacturing and raw material cost)

3. we can change the composition as per availability of raw material and use it for co-firing with conventional fuels.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

For the different applications, there are homemade pellet mill and complete pellet plant to choose. The homemade pellet mill also called small pellet mill, but it is easy to handle and can meet the requirements of home use. While, the complete plant is usually used in the factory.

• First, you need to turn on the pellet mill.
• Next, you should put the raw materials into the wood pellet machine. (GEMCO suggest that you should put 20% sand, 65% biomass raw materials and 15% used oil if the pellet mill is first work.)
• And then the pellet mill begins to work.
• When you put the raw materials into the working room, all these biomass materials will spread on the millstone. The spindle drives the disc to rotate. The pressure roller continuously rolls over the raw materials and squeezes the material into the die hole. The raw materials undergo the process of forming and preservation in the die hole after a certain period of time is extruded in a cylindrical state. Then the cutter will cut down the material formed pellets. All the material will be shaped into the pellets after grinding. And these pellets don’t need water or glue to molding. That is the procedure of the homemade pellet mill.

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Agriculture Core Technology OthersOther Technologies Clean TechSustainable Development Goals Affordable and Clean EnergyRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	48000
1. Base (foundation) 2. Motor 3. Electrical control Cabinet 4. Transmi	Equipment	12	4000	48000