Development of load managment system for overhead lines using microcontroller
The demand for electrical energy in Pakistan is increasing day by day. Production of electrical is less than its requirement, so we are facing a shortfall of several thousand megawatts (MW). Water and Power Development Authority,s (WAPDA)
2025-06-28 16:32:05 - Adil Khan
Development of load managment system for overhead lines using microcontroller
Project Area of Specialization Wearables and ImplantableProject SummaryThe demand for electrical energy in Pakistan is increasing day by day. Production of electrical is less than its requirement, so we are facing a shortfall of several thousand megawatts (MW). Water and Power Development Authority,s (WAPDA) is doing load shedding in order to manage the requirement.WAPDA is unable to provide continuous supply to the departments which need it like schools, colleges, hospitals, universities and other government institutes.
In this project Continuous supply requirements, fulfillment idea has been introduced. Different feeders connections are combined to give continuous supply. Moreover shifting of the load is done by using a microcontroller which is fast and reliable. This Project is to make a system that is compatible with the monitor and control the industrial types of equipment. Industrial fault monitoring system detects temperature variation, over voltage, under voltage, power factor, current, etc. this project is used to monitor the occupying faulty functioning without human interference. If any fault occurs in the industries the fault deployed at the various location create an alert by alarming the buzzer. The output of the analog signal is then fed to ADC to get the digital signal. Then an alert is created using the buzzer and LED. At the same time, it is sent to the computer using Bluetooth technology.
Project ObjectivesThis project has continuous supply requirements, fulfillment idea has been introduced. Different feeders connections are combined to give continuous supply. Moreover shifting of the load is done by using a microcontroller which is fast and reliable. This Project is to make a system that is compatible with the monitor and control the industrial types of equipment.
Mainly there are two objectives which will fulfill the requirements.
- Real-time energy monitoring and displaying on both LCD and computer.
- Shifting of load on the basis of the readings taken.
Presently Pakistan is facing lots of energy problems related to production and consumption of Electrical energy. There is a shortfall of approximately 2500MW according to the recent survey. The reason behind such a huge shortfall is lack of proper planning, irresponsible behavior of related authorities. Firstly, the crew was used to rebalance the feeders. Degree of unbalancing was calculated and if it increases the certain percentage then balancing of feeders was carried out. For example, one suburban northeast U.S. utility rebalanced the feeders when unbalancing reached 15% or more. This required two workers for the whole day which increased the expenses, but the energy saved due to balancing had more cost and hence balancing gave the profit to the company as compared to an unbalanced load. Moreover, this balancing required time of 10-15 minutes so overall job needed approximately one hour. Load unbalancing in Pakistan was introduced due to the unplanned expansion of loads. This caused a difference in loads in normal condition on different feeders. Since now switching of load can be done using microcontrollers and other several types of electronic equipment. So now this shifting is not manual, so it doesn't require running cost adds up in the initial cost of the system. This cost is very less as compared to manual operation of shifting. So now we can save even more money by implementing this idea. Also, if we want to supply continuous electricity to special departmental building this idea is helpful and applicable.
Benefits of the ProjectThis project has continuous supply requirements, fulfillment idea has been introduced. Different feeders connections are combined to give continuous supply. Moreover shifting of the load is done by using a microcontroller which is fast and reliable. This Project is to make a system that is compatible with the monitor and control the industrial types of equipment.
- A continuous power supply is provided to the load.
- Three phase feeder balancing (i.e. ampere) can be achieved.
- Underutilization of feeders can be avoided.
- Human errors are reduced.
- Time required for operation is reduced from hours to milliseconds.
Our project is to Development of load management system for overhead lines using a microcontroller. As we switch on the power supply we will observe that there is a constant load on each overhead line. As we increased the load on an overhead line 1, its power is increased to a certain limit. There is a presetting value of power in a microcontroller, as it increases the required limit it will shift the load to the line 2. And the same thing is done as we increased the power on line no 2, it will shift the power to line 3. There is no more capacity for shifting the load because we design 3 overhead lines. As we increased the load on line 3, it will check either it will shift further if there is another line or it trip line 1 and simultaneously line 2 is off and line 3 will also off. This project is very helpful for switching the busbar in power station and various other places where it is applicable such as industries. This project consists of electrical power, signal processing, and control system.
Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemType of Industry Energy , Others Technologies Wearables and ImplantablesSustainable Development Goals Affordable and Clean Energy, Decent Work and Economic Growth, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Responsible Consumption and ProductionRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 36527 | |||
| Micro controller | Equipment | 2 | 2230 | 4460 |
| Transformer | Equipment | 2 | 335 | 670 |
| Relay | Equipment | 15 | 155 | 2325 |
| Bluetooth module | Equipment | 2 | 990 | 1980 |
| Current Transformer | Equipment | 5 | 100 | 500 |
| Board | Equipment | 1 | 1125 | 1125 |
| Opto-coupler MOC3021 | Equipment | 5 | 225 | 1125 |
| LCD 1602 | Equipment | 1 | 1190 | 1190 |
| Blubs | Equipment | 15 | 75 | 1125 |
| Vero boards | Equipment | 10 | 35 | 350 |
| Connector | Equipment | 20 | 15 | 300 |
| AC wire | Equipment | 10 | 30 | 300 |
| Capacitor 100nF/0.1uF | Equipment | 12 | 18 | 216 |
| Male to Male wire | Equipment | 30 | 30 | 900 |
| 1k ohm | Equipment | 18 | 20 | 360 |
| 22k ohm | Equipment | 22 | 15 | 330 |
| 2.7k ohm | Equipment | 25 | 15 | 375 |
| 1M | Equipment | 10 | 20 | 200 |
| LEDs | Equipment | 25 | 18 | 450 |
| Diode | Equipment | 15 | 25 | 375 |
| Holders | Equipment | 11 | 48 | 528 |
| Switches | Equipment | 15 | 25 | 375 |
| Buck converter | Equipment | 3 | 550 | 1650 |
| USB | Equipment | 3 | 1890 | 5670 |
| Solder | Miscellaneous | 1 | 425 | 425 |
| Soldering wire | Miscellaneous | 1 | 198 | 198 |
| Multimeter | Miscellaneous | 1 | 795 | 795 |
| Micro controller burner | Miscellaneous | 1 | 6000 | 6000 |
| Cutter | Miscellaneous | 1 | 230 | 230 |
| Testor tool box | Miscellaneous | 1 | 525 | 525 |
| Glue gun | Miscellaneous | 1 | 660 | 660 |
| Glue gun rods | Miscellaneous | 11 | 15 | 165 |
| Hammer | Miscellaneous | 1 | 650 | 650 |
| Screws | Miscellaneous | 0 | 0 | 0 |