Development of anti-microbial and viral smart organic soap with Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs)

Project Title

Development of anti-microbial and viral smart organic soap with Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs)

Project Area of Specialization Biomedical EngineeringProject Summary

Soap may be defined as a chemical compound or mixture of chemical compounds resulting from the interaction of fatty acids or fatty glycerides with a metal radical (or organic base). Soap may also be described as any water-soluble salt of those fatty acids which contain eight or more carbon atoms. The metals commonly used in soap making are sodium and potassium, which produce water-soluble soaps that are used for laundry and cleaning purposes. The qualities of soap are determined by the amount and composition of the component fatty acids in the starting oil. Blends of oils can be used in both hot and cold soap production methods. Vegetable oil blends could be obtained by mixing different vegetable oils such as the mixture of coconut oil, palm kernel oil, groundnut oil and shea butter in different proportions. Produced soaps of desirable quality by blending various fatty acids of palm oil (PO) and palm kernel oil (PKO) and the quality of the soap produced is comparable to the quality of commercially available soaps.

This research work involves using various blends of Neem Oil, Castor Oil and palm kernel oil (PKO) to prepare soap and analyse the soaps so produced.

 Nowadays, the whole world is struggling to deal with the extreme pandemic of the century, Covid-19. With no clinically approved treatments accessible, we are left with no options other than following the preventive measures issued by the World Health Organization (WHO). Among many others, handwashing with soap (RCOO-Na+) and Hydrogen monoxide (H2O) has been highlighted the most because it is profitable and easily available to the public. The increasing demand for soap encourages innovations in its quantity, quality, benefits, and raw materials. The development of science and technology has nurtured the merging of green chemistry with green engineering and nanotechnology. One of the innovations that have been developed is the use of Caprylic/capric/lauric triglyceride oil as basic ingredients of soap, with the addition of active substances such as antimicrobial, antibacterial, and herbal. The use of silver in antimicrobial management is very ancient. Silver-based materials have proven interesting, practical, and promising for various applications. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been one of the nanostructures most studied and investigated over the past several years. AgNPs have greater specific properties depending on their size and form. These noble synthesized metrics have numerous optical, electrical, catalytic, and optical characteristics. These properties are ideal for many fields, depending on their size and shape. The outbreak of multiple infectious diseases has been a major strain on global economies and the public health sector. In this study, we will report the synthesis of organic-based soap to impregnate with silver nanoparticles using green principles. We will prepare the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by a solution method.

Project Objectives

As an evolutionary biochemist, I am more worried about our current cleaning habits than I am about COVID-19. Good, sanitary practices are a good thing, but what worries me is how we are dealing with mass sterilization to combat the virus. 

COVID-19 is a virus. Hand washing is preferable to using hand sanitiser because it physically knocks viruses off your skin. It turns out that plain old soap is really effective against viruses. But many soaps add extra antimicrobial or antibiotic chemicals into their mixture, ostensibly boosting their efficacy. Here’s the problem: those antimicrobial additives only work on bacteria and fungi. They do nothing against viruses. 

At least those antimicrobial soaps are killing off other germs, right? Yes, but that isn’t necessarily good. We harbour a huge variety of beneficial bacteria in our bodies and this microbiome is remarkably important to our health. More importantly, antibacterials are not 100% effective at killing all microbes.

Microbes can (and do) evolve immunity to antibiotics. In a war against disease-causing microbes, antibiotic agents are our best weapon. The more we apply antimicrobial agents, the more defences microbes develop against them. The bacteria causing both staph infections (MRSA) and tuberculosis (TB) are already known to have multi-drug resistant strains, meaning they are immune to more than one class of antibiotic. These bacteria are evolving faster than we can develop new types of antimicrobials to fight them off. And as we throw antibiotics on surfaces to combat COVID-19, we could be aiding the development of something far scarier: antibiotic-resistant microbes.

So while we deal with the current pandemic, continue to wash your hands, but please be responsible and make sure your cleaning products and soap do not contain antibiotics or antimicrobial additives. Just stick to plain soap and water. 

Furthermore, 

The aim of this research work is to study the quality of soap produced from blended coconut oils with SILVER NANOPARTICLES (AgNPs). The objectives of this work are:

To produce soap that can be used on both hard and soft water.

To produce soap of high quality that can be used for both bathing and laundry.

To investigate the properties of soap produced from blends of oils.

 To produce soap of high cleaning action that also lathers well in water.

To produce soap at a cheaper rate from blends of cheap coconut oils.

? Replace sanitiser with Smart Organic soap with Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs).

? To synthesize AgNPs and impregnated them in antiviral soap.

? Firstly, Preparation of the lab. scale the anti-microbial and viral smart organic soap with Silver

Nanoparticles (AgNPs), and then established a small mini plant of soap.

? To reduce the poverty, enhance quality education with good health and wellbeing

? To support the country's progress with decent work and economic growth.

? To establish the small industries concept in cities as well as villages.

Project Implementation Method

The best antibacterial liquid soap formulations were determined by the effective index method. This effectiveness index method can be done by sorting the variables based on the priority and contribution to the results, whereby the best antibacterial liquid soap formula has the highest product value. The order of priority and contribution to the results in this study were total fatty acids, free fatty acids, neutral fats, pH, type-weights, and foam stability by percentage (%) with the Calculation result of the soap product value of formula, respectively.
We have filed a Patent and gotten the Trademark/Logo officially and legally. The FIVE points have been covered by SDG by our startup. They are 1. No Poverty 3. Good Health 8. Decent work and Economic growth 9. Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure 17. Partnership for the goal.

• Production (Purchase of raw materials, soap production and packaging)
• Marketing (Promotion and Distribution)
• Search for other activities and discuss them with experienced businessmen
• Human (Experienced and Professionals)
• Physical Production buildings, mixture machines, Magnetic stirrer, heater, and packaging machine)
• Financial personnel, Industries, and other Government (Academia) projects.

Value Proposition
• The product is for all skin types
• Product contains original all Ingredients I,e Coconut oil etc
• Product varies (fragrances, shape, and colours)
• Muldoon services (Customaries order)
Cost Structure
• Operating costs (Raw materials, Quality control, Labor, Production and Marketing)
• Investment cost (Purchase and maintenance equipment’s/machinery, building depreciation legality)
Revenue Streams
• Direct sales and consumer
• Direct sales, agents, and resellers
• Sales of Muldoon services
• Another outside consumer
Our Soap is pure Organic based, and 0.50% Benzethonium chloride (C27H42ClNO2) clinically proven to exceed U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requirements for health care personnel hand wash and antimicrobial & antiviral hand soap (0.55%) that is clinically proven to deliver the efficacy of medicated soap & herbal soap with the mildness of market-leading non-medicated soap.

Soap Preparation Method.

Benefits of the Project

What is the number one benefit of Organic soap? Organic soap is simply better for your skin. It contains natural ingredients such as plant-derived base oils, glycerin, and essential oils. By contrast, synthetic, mass-market soap is made of petroleum-based lathering agents, synthetic fragrances, harsh dyes, and dangerous preservatives. It’s not surprising, then, that a lot of our customers say that their skin feels better after using organic soap and that it sometimes helps to improve skin conditions such as eczema and acne, rather than producing further irritation.

But not only is organic soap better for you, but it’s also better for others. It’s better for the environment because producing its ingredients has less of an environmental impact, and because those ingredients break down easily and cause fewer problems after they go down the drain. It’s better for animals because its ingredients are already recognized as safe, so no animal testing is necessary. And finally, organic soap is better for the economy, because it is often made by small, local producers, so the dollars you spend on it stay in the community.

When I talk about organic soap, most of the time I’m talking about natural and organic soap. Natural soap is made from fats or oils, water, lye, and often essential oils and natural dyes. Organic soap also has the added benefit of being made of ingredients that are produced with organic farming practices, that is, farming practices that don’t use pesticides or synthetic fertilizers. So organic soap is a natural soap, but it is also one step better.

Most organic soap also contains glycerin. Glycerin is a natural product of the soapmaking reaction. A lot of mass-market soap makers and some small-batch soap makers take out the glycerin because it makes the soap bar last longer or because they can sell the glycerin to use in other cosmetic products. However, when glycerin is left in the soap bar, it acts as a humectant or a substance that attracts moisture from the air into the skin. Two other natural humectants are aloe and honey.

What organic soaps do not contain?

Now that we’ve talked about some of the good stuff in organic soap, I'm going to mention a few of the bad things found in mass-market commercial soap. Three ingredients I’m going to examine are surfactants, parabens, and artificial fragrances.

Surfactants

Parabens

Artificial fragrances

Organic soap has many other benefits

In the last part of this article, I’m going to talk about why organic soap is the best choice if you’re concerned not only about what sort of products you put on your skin but also, about the greater impacts on the production and disposal of those products. Organic soap is generally better for the environment, animals, and for the local economy.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

After the preparation of AgNPs, the detail characteristics and morphology analysis by employing (XRD) X-ray diffractometer used for crystal structure, average crystallite size, and microstrain analysis of AgNPs. Observe the morphology of the microstructure of the NPS under Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The current study particularly will focus on the relationship the synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) will be impregnated in antiviral soap preparation by the saponification of coconut oil and clove oil (Syzygium aromaticum). One of the innovations that have been developed is the use of oil of clove as basic ingredients of soap, with the addition of active substances such as antiviral, antimicrobial, antiseptic, antibiotic, and herbal. The characterization of soap will carry out by Gas chromatography and pH meters, such as total fatty acid, un-absorbed fats or neutral fats, pH test, hard water test, weight type, and foam stability. It will be further characterized by UV-Vis Spectroscopy texture meter, CDR Food Lab: Analyzers, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). By studying well diffusion methods, the soap impregnated with AgNPs will show antibacterial and antiviral activities against both grams positive and gram-negative bacteria. The study will reveal the efficacy of the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using green principles and its potential application in health and the environment. The major aim of this study the replace sanitiser with anti-microbial and viral smart pure organic soap. 

Furthermore, we determine several tests. They are:

 Determination of Saponification Value         -        -        

 Determination of Iodine Value                     -        -        

 Determination of Free Fatty Acid                 -        -        

 Determination of Peroxide Value                 -        -        

 Determination of Ester Value                       -        -        

 Laboratory Scale Production of Toilet Soap           -        

Analysis of Quality Parameters of Soap                 -        

 Determination of Total Fatty Matter             -        

 Determination of Free Alkali                        -        

 Determination of Moisture Content              -        

 Determination of Foam Stability                  -        

 Determination of Alkalinity                         -        

Final Deliverable of the Project Software SystemCore Industry HealthOther Industries Medical Core Technology Shared EconomyOther Technologies OthersSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for People, Quality Education, Decent Work and Economic Growth, Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	80000
Digital PH METER WITH TDS TEST	Equipment	1	18000	18000
Digital portable cdr lab technique with kit	Equipment	1	52000	52000
Chemical and basic Apparatus	Miscellaneous	10	1000	10000