Detection of Jamming on GNSS and Switching to alternate constellation

Project Title

Detection of Jamming on GNSS and Switching to alternate constellation

Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject Summary

GNSS system is a collection
of many satellite positioning systems that are revolving around
the Earth in certain specified orbits. Among all these systems,
Global Positioning System (GPS) is the first GNSS system that provides global coverage. GPS
signals are vulnerable to interference created by radiofrequency.
This interference may be in the form of blocking, jamming, or
spoofing of GPS signals. Jamming is radio frequency
interference that can deteriorate GPS reception and accuracy thus
impairs positioning availability. Prevention of jamming is possible by transition to another GNSS. The project aims at developing an indigenous system for jamming GPS signals by sending RF waves on GPS L1 frequency.  The project is carried out in two parts. 
In the first part, a self-made jammer was designed using a Software Designed Radio (HackRF in this case). 
Implementation of noise jamming techniques allowed to distort GPS signal reception capability on multi-constellation GNSS receiver. Detection of jamming is given in form of an alert signal on the LCD indicator. In the second part, an indigenous system is developed to counter these jamming attacks and switch to an alternate GNSS constellation.
This is achieved by implementing a switching algorithm in Arduino which controls both the GNSS receiver and jamming indicator. An algorithm is achieved by decoding several positioning messages in u-Blox GNSS receiver and transmitting those hex messages by Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) to GNSS receiver. After the detection of jamming LCD indicator will show the current status of GPS and alternate decisions will be made automatically. For ease of use, Indication will be given separately for each state which is as follows:

1. Green LED blink + GNSS ok status Once GPS is enabled

2. Red led blink+ buzzer alert+ Invalid GNSS once Signals are lost due to jamming

3. Blue LED blink+ GLONASS status ok Once Alternate constellation is selected.

This project consists of two models. 

1. GPS jammer model

2. Lcd Indicator model ( Consists of Arduino GNSS receiver and circuitry with LCD, LED and buzzer at front panel)

Project Objectives

This project is of great importance in the rapports of its operation in location services access. GPS is vulnerable to atmospheric interference.
Therefore, one cannot rely on one navigation system only. This
situation leads to switch on another system immediately to cater for direction
and coordinates of a region especially during routine missions and civil uses. The final output of this project, which is both the GPS Jammer and the GNSS signal reception setup itself, is mobile and easily portable. Implementation of jamming techniques in multiple ways makes it an extremely flexible product that can be used to detect jamming effects in a certain region. The detection system conducts a comprehensive parametric analysis and isolates known Positioning signals with empty strings thus allowing alternate GNSS to give coverage in three-dimensional format through active control of transition mode.

Project Implementation Method

Satellite navigation is a widespread technology and it is used in different applications. GNSS is a system designated for all the six satellite systems orbiting the earth at a specified altitude and orbital planes. The strength of GNSS signals decreases to a bare minimum value when it reaches the earth's surface. The low power of GPS signals due to a jamming source can cause GNSS receivers to fail or produce ambiguous information. This project aimed at the development of an SDR-based solution to generate jamming and carry out detection for Radio Frequency (RF) interference on GNSS receivers. For this reason implementation of the jamming, a technique was mandatory on GNSS receiver so that it can detect loss of signals and required information for location determination. After setting up a self-made jammer with SDR and Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), the transmission of jamming signal is initiated which subsequently led to the conversion of Global Positioning System (GPS) to GLONASS.  This transition is made successful with a multi-band GNSS receiver. The switching algorithm is implemented automatically once jamming is detected on the receiver end. This jamming indication is made with NMEA sentence extraction and algorithm implementation on Arduino and GNSS receiver.

Benefits of the Project

The final output of this project, which is both the GPS Jammer and the GNSS signal reception setup itself, is mobile and easily portable. Implementation of jamming techniques and detection on GNSS constellation analysis software in multiple ways makes it an extremely flexible product that can be used to detect jamming effects in a certain region. The detection system conducts a comprehensive parametric analysis and isolates known Positioning signals with empty strings thus allowing alternate GNSS to give coverage in three-dimensional format through active control of transition mode. After the transition is implemented, a Three-dimensional location is found out with GLONASS satellite signals.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The final deliverables of this project are as follows:

1. Jamming of GPS signal
2. Detection of jamming on GNSS receiver
3.  Implementation of switching algorithm from GPS to another GNSS

The first deliverable implementation is with respect to multiple jamming techniques implementation. Analysis of the strength of GNSS signals is done once jamming is implemented. These techniques are implemented with SDR and GUI is made.

2. The Second deliverable consists of an indication of jamming. This indication is shown on the LCD indicator showing the status of the GNSS system. This indication is shown on software and on hardware as well. LCD Indicator model will be the output.

3. The third deliverable is the automatic conversion of GPS to GLONASS. The satellite visibility of GLONASS is more after GPS. This automatic conversion is done with a multi-constellation GNSS receiver and Arduino. After transition location parameters are shown with other constellation satellites an alternate is achieved.

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry ITOther IndustriesCore Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	70000
EVK-M8N u-blox multiband GNSS Evaluation kit	Equipment	1	70000	70000