Design and Fabrication of Vibration Isolation System by using Eddy Current Damper

Most industrial devices are engineered to operate smoothly and avoid vibration, not produce it. In these machines, vibration can indicate problems or deterioration in the equipment. If the underlying causes are not corrected, the unwanted vibration itself can cause additional damage. Our Fin

Project Title

Design and Fabrication of Vibration Isolation System by using Eddy Current Damper

Project Area of Specialization

Mechatronics Engineering

Project Summary

Most industrial devices are engineered to operate smoothly and avoid vibration, not produce it. In these machines, vibration can indicate problems or deterioration in the equipment. If the underlying causes are not corrected, the unwanted vibration itself can cause additional damage.

Our Final Year Project named "Design and Fabrication of Vibration Isolation System using Eddy current Damper" aims to model, analysis and design a passive vibration isolation system by using magnetic damper with high efficiency and compactness. The experimental set-up was developed for a single degree of freedom vibration isolation system, where the damper consists of two elements: an outer stationary conducting tube made up of copper and a moving core made up of an array of three ring-shaped neodymium magnets of Nd–Fe–B alloy separated by four block cylinders made of mild steel that are fixed to a steel rod. Due to the movement between magnets and copper eddy current produced in it.

Eddy currents are currents that circulate in conductors like swirling eddies in a stream. They can be created when a conductor is moving through a magnetic field, or when the magnetic field surrounding a stationary conductor is varying i.e. anything which results in the conductor experiencing a change in the intensity or direction of a magnetic field can produce eddy currents. The size of the eddy current is proportional to the size of the magnetic field, the area of the loop and the rate of change of magnetic flux, and inversely proportional to the resistivity of the conductor. Like any current flowing through a conductor, eddy current will produce its own magnetic field. Lenz’s Law states that the direction of magnetically induced current, like eddy current, will be such that the magnetic field produced will oppose the change of the magnetic field which created it. This resistance created by the opposing magnetic fields is exploited in eddy current braking, which method we used for stopping the vibration of anybody or rotating tool.

The generation of eddy currents in the conductor and its resistance causes the mechanical vibration to dissipate heat energy. The vibration response of the system is obtained starting from a low-frequency range. This project detects vibration along a single plane of movement, then provides a plain-text diagnosis with a recommended solution that identified faults by comparing vibration data to pervious inspection data of machine for monitoring machine condition over the longer term.

Project Objectives

Vibration isolation is a way of reducing the transmission of a dynamic excitation force from a mechanical system to a supporting surface. It generally involves the insertion of a layer of resilient material between the source of vibration and the system to be isolated. The e?ectiveness of a vibration isolator is generally measured in terms of the maximum transmissibility, cut-o? frequency, and cut-o? rate. The chief objectives to be ful?lled while designing an e?ective vibration isolator are

• Low-resonance frequency (so that the damper isolates the system for a broad frequency range).
• Low amplitude of vibration at resonance.

Vibration isolators are broadly subdivided into two groups based on the requirement of external power supply: passive and active isolators. Passive isolators commonly include passive elements such as metallic or non-metallic springs, viscous and friction-based dampers, elastic-damping materials and pneumatic/hydraulic elements. On the other hand, active damping is less common in industrial applications and includes isolators such as active hydraulic network, electromagnetic damper, electro-magneto rheological ?uids, sensors and control systems.

Passive Electromagnetic Technology for Vibration Damping and Isolation is Eddy Current Damper:

The general design of an eddy current damper (ECD) consists of a set of permanent magnets, typically made of Nd-Fe-B because of their large magnetic quality, which is aligned in front of conductive elements made in copper. Design and device optimization are currently done through numerical simulations on the magnetic field distribution and eddy current, generally, FEM based.

Project Implementation Method

SolidWorks used for the mechanical design of the project as well as for the basic analysis of the design. Abacus/CAE software used for further analysis of the machine-like force analysis, magnetic analysis, Eigen frequency analysis. We use Matlab for mathematical modeling and show the waveforms.

Mechanical Design:

It consists of two C-channels, a hollow copper cylinder, a base plate, a mass to be isolated, a spring, upper plate, threaded rod, two columns to support the needle roller bearing and the damper assembly. All the parts are made of mild steel. The damper assembly consists of a hollow copper cylinder and an array of magnets and mild steel cylindrical blocks. These magnets and steel blocks are screwed tightly to the steel rod. The whole set-up is mounted on a shaker table at the base of C-channels so that there is no slip.

Electronic Design:

An accelerometer sensor is used for measuring the vibrations. The microcontroller that we are going to use is Arduino Mega. A power circuit with 10 volts regulation is used to power up this sensor.

Working Principle:

A harmonic excitation is given in the range of 5–30Hz with a step-up frequency of 0.1Hz via a shaker (Model 150 VP-T). The amplitude of the shaker table (Y) is kept constant at 6.35*104m. Experiments are carried out to study the transmissibility of the isolator. As a result of harmonic base excitation, there is a relative movement between the copper conductor and the permanent magnets. Due to this relative movement, eddy currents are developed in the copper cylinder. The current circulates inside the conductor generating a magnetic ?eld with a polarity opposite to the applied magnetics ?eld. This current produces a repulsive force which is proportional to the relative velocity between the copper conductor and the magnets.

Benefits of the Project

Passive electromagnetic devices for vibration damping and isolation are becoming a real alternative to traditional mechanical vibration and isolation methods. Passive devices are designed and manufactured to respond in a certain manner against vibration without the need for active feedback and control. These types of devices present good damping capacity, lower cost, null power consumption, and higher reliability.

Thus, an eddy current-based passive damping system could be a very effective solution for a broad frequency range of vibration isolation because approximate calculation could be done due to the fewer uses of constant values in mentioned machine mathematical modeling.

Field of Application:

Aerospace, civil engineering, precision instrumentation, robotics, and automotive.

Due to the Contactless damping, the best specific damping coefficient, cleanness, temperature resistance.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The sectioned view of our project is given URL link:

images/Design and Fabrication of Vibration Isolation System by using Eddy Current Damper _1582924863.

By using Lenz's law and passive electromagnetic technology that is eddy current damper (ECD) we isolate the vibration at the top of the machine that measured through a sensor named accelerometer, in which vibration of different frequencies can be given through controlled frequency shaker. In a shaker, our model are clamped that's also shaken the whole model but through copper and permanent magnets that use eddy current damper method, we isolate vibrations at the top of the model in which we measure the data and draw graphs of the result.

We compare the software analysis with our physical measured data and measure the before and after-effects of the eddy current damper mechanism.

We fabricate the model and prove that the model is helpful for the isolation of vibration.

Final Deliverable of the Project

Hardware System

Core Industry

Manufacturing

Other Industries

Core Technology

Others

Other Technologies

Sustainable Development Goals

Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

Required Resources

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