Design and Fabrication of Energy Efficient Water purifier
Water is obtained mainly from two sources underground water (Boring water, well water) and surface water (River water). According to Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR) report, contaminations (physical, chemical and microbiological) are found in water of major cities of Pakistan.
2025-06-28 16:26:21 - Adil Khan
Design and Fabrication of Energy Efficient Water purifier
Project Area of Specialization Mechanical EngineeringProject SummaryWater is obtained mainly from two sources underground water (Boring water, well water) and surface water (River water). According to Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR) report, contaminations (physical, chemical and microbiological) are found in water of major cities of Pakistan. Underground water aquifers are being polluted and by decrease in underground water level (especially in summers) due to increase in population. It is to be noted that the lower the water table goes the more energy is required for extracting water. In future it is predicted that water level will be completely deplete down. Clean and clear water should be provided and that is why we have targeted the purification of surface water with the help of RO membrane and different filters. Our filtration plant is energy efficient and for that purpose we had designed and fabricated Pelton wheel turbine, which is energy efficient. At the end our filtration plant provides us with water free from physical, chemical and microbiological contamination.
Project ObjectivesObjectives of our project were to remove physical parameters such as turbidity, odor, color from the water and to lower its pH value to neutral that the water becomes drinkable. Also bringing chemical composites such as calcium, sulphates, magnesium, TDS etc. within an acceptable limit. Another objective was to remove microbial contamination and viruses (dyrea, hepatitis etc.) from water. Lastly it cannot be neglected that we wanted to make this plant energy efficient by the utilization of renewable energy source (hydel power) as a driving force for this project.
Project Implementation MethodThe implementation of this project started with taking a water sample from surface water channel and then we sent it to PCRWR for its testing. After the results came, we found out contamination (physical, chemical and microbiological) in the tested water sample. After which we selected filtration plant but before that we designed and fabricated the Pelton wheel turbine which produces the electricity to run our filtration plant. Electricity will be produced by conversion of kinetic energy into mechanical energy and eventually into electricity. Our filtration plant consists of seven steps of different filters which includes Sediment filter that has a main function of catching dirt and sediments by eliminating suspended residues of more than 5-micron size from water. Loose carbon filter and Carbon Block Filter Removes chlorine, surplus organic compounds and gases causing odors from water. Reverse osmosis membrane can remove many types of dissolved and suspended chemical species (salt ions, organic, etc. Then comes Mineral Cartridge because RO membrane not only removes the harmful particles but also the good ones. Thus, water needs to be re mineralize which is done by mineral cartridge. For instance, calcium and magnesium are added back into the water with all other good minerals. Supplements necessary for human body are added back, it raises the pH of the water and makes water taste better. GAC-T33 post carbon filter is made of high-quality coconut shell granular activated carbon. It is installed at the 5th or 6th stage of standard Reverse Osmosis filtration system. Anti-Bacterial Filter It removes bacteria and viruses from the water making it healthy for human body.
Benefits of the ProjectThe benefits we got from this project are numerous starting off with that this plant can be installed in plain areas as well as in northern areas where boring/well water (where digging is not possible) is not available. Secondly it does not require any external energy source (any electrical resource which will cost you). Turbine in this project produces enough energy for driving the filtration plant as well as 2-3 bulbs of houses along with that. This purifies water from not only physical contamination but also unforeseeable contamination that is chemical as well as microbiological bacteria’s and viruses. It can also indicate about physical or chemical contamination if there is any fault in its filters. It meets the target of sustainable development by producing environmentally friendly and energy efficient purified water.
Technical Details of Final DeliverableSediment filter is technically made up of melted polypropylene which is filter in a cylinder like form and helps in removal of dirt, dust and sediment of water. Loose carbon filters have loose granules of carbon that look like black grain of sand. While solid block filter consists of compressed activated carbons that are formed with the combination of heat and pressure. Both filters are composed of carbon that’s ground into small particular sizes. Solid block filter grounds the particles 7 to 19 times finer than loose carbon filter. Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes play a key role in wastewater treatment units as they are used to remove salts and other pollutants effectively. RO membranes are typically capable of removing 90%–99% of contaminants such as total dissolved solids (TDSs) in the water supply. The membranes are usually manufactured as a flat sheet of thin composite membranes consisting of an active polyamide layer (high permeability but impermeable to dissolved salts and particulate matter) supported by a porous polysulphone layer wound round a central collection tube. This filter is Manufactured through high precision Injection Molding process from Certified Food Grade Plastic and contains filter media of premium quality. Mineral Cartridge which is also known as alkaline filter & is installed after RO Membrane filter, to give soothing & sweet taste to the pure drinking water. The Mineral cartridge can be used as substitute of Post Carbon Filter. GAC- T33 post carbon filter is made of high-quality coconut shell granular activated carbon. It is installed at the 5th stage of standard Reverse Osmosis filtration system. It can improve water tasting quality and remove any traces of chlorine, organic chemicals, bad tastes and odors due to its highly porous activated carbon. Its Standard Life cycle is Up to 1 Year. Anti-bacterial filter has a various precision of 1-100 micro meter are optional and effective filtering range is wide. It adds anti-bacterial ingredients to effectively inhibit bacteria and ensure the safety of drinking water. For Pelton wheel turbine steel, PVC and aluminum were taken due to their light weights and cost effectiveness. The speed of turbine is 89.2, runner diameter is 0.601 m, number of buckets were 12.87, bucket width 0.1134 m, and turbine power of 24-40 watts etc. It produces 0-38 electricity volts. The greater the rpm the greater the voltage is produced and for this purpose charge controller is used.
Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry HealthOther Industries Food , Energy Core Technology Clean TechOther Technologies OthersSustainable Development Goals Clean Water and SanitationRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 70470 | |||
| pvc pipe length 8 inch | Equipment | 1 | 8000 | 8000 |
| turbine wheel (cycle wheel) | Equipment | 1 | 2500 | 2500 |
| chain | Equipment | 1 | 350 | 350 |
| gear | Equipment | 2 | 1475 | 2950 |
| welding,machining | Equipment | 1 | 2750 | 2750 |
| dc generator | Equipment | 2 | 4000 | 8000 |
| charge controller | Equipment | 1 | 1500 | 1500 |
| voltmeter | Equipment | 1 | 300 | 300 |
| wire | Equipment | 1 | 100 | 100 |
| turbine frame | Equipment | 1 | 2540 | 2540 |
| nuts, bolts, screw, clamp | Equipment | 30 | 10 | 300 |
| grinder dics, drill bit | Equipment | 1 | 1440 | 1440 |
| TDS meter | Equipment | 1 | 950 | 950 |
| water samples test | Miscellaneous | 2 | 1500 | 3000 |
| transportation expense of project | Miscellaneous | 1 | 5290 | 5290 |
| water sample bottles | Equipment | 10 | 50 | 500 |
| spary paint bottle | Equipment | 2 | 250 | 500 |
| sediment filter | Equipment | 1 | 2500 | 2500 |
| loose carbon filter | Equipment | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |
| carbon black filter | Equipment | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |
| RO membrane | Equipment | 1 | 7000 | 7000 |
| mineral cartidge | Equipment | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |
| GAC-t33 | Equipment | 1 | 3000 | 3000 |
| anti bacteria filter | Equipment | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |
| pipes | Equipment | 1 | 1000 | 1000 |
| adapter | Equipment | 1 | 1000 | 1000 |
| high pressure pump | Equipment | 1 | 4500 | 4500 |
| battery and wire | Equipment | 2 | 1250 | 2500 |