Design and Devise Fully Electrical Powered Two Wheel Vehicle

Project Title

Design and Devise Fully Electrical Powered Two Wheel Vehicle

Project Area of Specialization Mechatronics EngineeringProject Summary Project Summary

The project consist of a semi-automatic Electric Motorbike to be made with the aim of covering 150 Km in one charge. This motorbike doesn’t consist of any clutch or pressure and clutch plates in contrast it consist of an Induction Motor which act as an engine of the vehicle and a dry cell rechargeable battery which provide power to the motor. Moreover for additional features the motorbike will consist features such as live tracking using GPS to the android application, battery health indicator, Speakers to provide Exhaust sound to engage the riders and Riding modes

Project Objectives Aims and Objectives

• To learn the technical aspects of an Electrical Vehicle
• To provide state with state of the art Electric Vehicle which possess AI technology
• To understand the battery management system
• To learn mechanism of induction motor
• To develop an app which monitor the behavior of the EV
• To provide country with its own manufactured EV to make it a successful business model

Idea of Project

The main idea of the project is to turn it into a business model for the state as paper reports that almost all the Europe will shift to EVs till 2030 and for our state Pakistan it is predicted that our country must shift towards EVs in order to survive in the automobile sector till 2040. Now that we know that Pakistan doesn’t actually own any automobile company, in fact huge amount of our GDP go vain in importing the automobiles. Now think if after 20 years we are importing Electric Vehicles from Other countries like Japan, USA & China like we are now importing gasoline vehicles

Pakistan's Motor Vehicles Sales recorded 11,231 units in Oct 2019, compared with 12,083 units in the previous month. This is the case of Cars and SUVs. In countries like Pakistan the sales of motorcycle are far greater than the sales of cars, the reason is simple, the price of the cheapest new CD70 motorcycle is $323.52 to $355.87 where as for the cheapest cars in the showrooms now is New Suzuki Alto VXR which is of almost $9850. This difference justify enough the increase of sales of motorbikes compared to cars

Project Implementation Method Methodology Design

We have selected EV in shape of a two wheeler because of two major reasons

1. The overall cost of the FYP Project
2. The buying power of the customer for a successful business model

Frame Selection

Frame is the most important part off the vehicle as all the other components mount on it. So according to our modifications we have selected double cradle frame for the electric motorcycle for the following reasons

• The plenty space at the center of gravity for the motor and battery placement
• Strong welded frame when compared to sheet metal frame due to piping
• Due to piping the vibration minimizes unlike the sheet metal frame

Electric motorcycle need 3 primary items to make it run

• Motor
• Battery
• Controller

Motor

According to our study an induction motor of 3KW-4KW motor is enough to run a motorbike with maximum load of 150kg on it, Induction motors runs on the principle of BLDC motors but we give DC to the Rotor and AC to the outside coils

The use of induction motor is after the calculation of the maximum speed of the vehicle, the maximum load it can bare.

The coefficient of drag and coefficient of frictions are calculated earlier so that we can choose the motor and battery combination

Drive Mechanism

We are using a chain drive system in the vehicle unlike the hub motor system the reason is that using hub motor you can’t achieve the maximum torque required for the maximum velocity

Previously made Electric bike with hub motor find it difficult to reach it maximum speed with suitable load on them this is actually why we are putting a chain drive mechanism in our vehicle

The vehicle will be ride using a throttle accelerator at the handle of the vehicle as it come in traditionally

Battery

For our vehicle we need a durable battery which support the motor with this load. The combination of series and parallel of lithium ion batteries are most suitable for the EVs in this care because of the following reasons

• High energy density
• Self-discharge
• Low maintenance
• Cell voltage
• Load characteristics
• No requirement for priming
• Variety of types available

Mathematically

Using the formula: E= QVN

Where

E is the energy output

Q is the Amp hours

V is the Voltage

N is the number of batteries

The energy required for one charge found as KWh. This is how we refer to the capacity of our vehicle

Controller

We will be using a Blushless DC motor Electric Speed Controller with Rated Voltage of the motor Volts, the power should be more than that of the motor so maintaining the factor of safety. This current to the controller will be controlled through the handle throttle

Benefits of the Project Possible Outcomes

This project will result in

• Finding the feasible solution for the alternation of gasoline motorcycles
• Finding the cost effective travel
• Complete study and understanding the Electric vehicle technologies and mechanics

Features Automatic side stand

In addition one of the issues of motorbike accidents is that people forget to slide their side stands back in place on starting the bike. So we propose an automated side stand slider system that will automatically slide the side stand back in position when user starts his/her bike

Helmet Must Run

The motorcycle is so designed that it won’t start until the rider put on the helmet, this will be done to avoid the damage cause by the accidents as a factor of safety

Fire Extinguisher in the hood

The Motorcycle will contain a fire extinguisher in the hood as the vehicle is carrying a lithium ion battery pack, which act as a bomb if damage and due to the poor traffic management in the state road accidents are obvious, in order to avoid the damage of fire, the rider is provided with a fire extinguisher to put out the fire if occur

Technical Details of Final Deliverable Calculations

Following Calculations are done with actual extracted data from the design of the vehicle

Forces acting on the Vehicle

Rolling Friction
Fr=C x Mass x Acceleration due to gravity
Vehicle weight	100Kg
Rider weight max	150Kg
Total Weight	250Kg
Rolling resistance coefficient for asphalt road	0.004
Rolling Friction	9.81 Newton
Drag Force
Fd=Cd x 1/2 x P x (v x v) Area
Drag coefficient for bike	0.88
Density of Air	1.2 kg/m3
max velocity	33.33m/s
Area frontal	0.6 m2
Drag Force	35.2 Newton

Power & RPM calculation

&l

Power
P=(Total force) x Velocity/Efficiency
Total force	9.81+35.2= 45 Newton
Efficiency	0.85
Velocity	33.33m/s
Power	1764.9 watts	Approx= 2000 Watts
RPM
Wheel Diameter	0.5m
Wheel Radius	0.25m
Circumference	1.57m
Max Speed (120km/hr)	2000 m/minute
Wheel RPM	1273.8 rpm
Drive Gear

Rolling Friction

Fr=C x Mass x Acceleration due to gravity

 

Vehicle weight

Rider weight max

Total Weight

Rolling resistance coefficient for asphalt road

Rolling Friction

 

Drag Force

Fd=Cd x 1/2 x P x (v x v) Area

 

Drag coefficient for bike

Density of Air

max velocity

Area frontal

Drag Force

Power

P=(Total force) x Velocity/Efficiency

 

Total force

Efficiency

Velocity

Power

  

RPM

 

Wheel Diameter

Wheel Radius

Circumference

Max Speed (120km/hr)

Wheel RPM

Drive Gear

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Transportation Core Technology OthersOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Affordable and Clean Energy, Decent Work and Economic Growth, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Responsible Consumption and Production, Climate ActionRequired Resources

Power
P=(Total force) x Velocity/Efficiency
Total force	9.81+35.2= 45 Newton
Efficiency	0.85
Velocity	33.33m/s
Power	1764.9 watts	Approx= 2000 Watts
RPM
Wheel Diameter	0.5m
Wheel Radius	0.25m
Circumference	1.57m
Max Speed (120km/hr)	2000 m/minute
Wheel RPM	1273.8 rpm
Drive Gear