Co pyrolysis of waste tire and rice straw in a fixed bed reactor to produce bio oil

The degradation of the natural fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gas has encouraged the researchers to discover the alternatives and and invention of new renewable fossil fuels. Several efforts have been made in this regard. During the last three decades, the greater part of th

Project Title

Co pyrolysis of waste tire and rice straw in a fixed bed reactor to produce bio oil

Project Area of Specialization

Biomedical Engineering

Project Summary

The degradation of the natural fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gas has encouraged the researchers to discover the alternatives and and invention of new renewable fossil fuels. Several efforts have been made in this regard.

During the last three decades, the greater part of the worldwide research has been centered on biomass as sustainable power source (56%), trailed by sun powered vitality (26%), wind control (11%), geothermal vitality (5%), and hydropower (2%). The high level of investigation into biomass vitality can be upheld by the accessibility of biomass assets which are the world's biggest maintainable vitality source and speak to around 220 billion dry huge amounts of yearly essential generation.

Keeping the fossil fuel combustion technology developed throughout the history in view, biomass is the only renewable energy which has potential to supplement decreasing crude oil and coal reserves without increasing net CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere as CO2 released during its combustion is same as extracted from the atmosphere during its growth. By using different thermal and biological techniques biomass can be converted into liquid, solid and gaseous fuels.

Pyrolysis is the thermal cracking of biomass feedstock with or without supply of oxidant yielding volatile products and solid residue. Normally, the temperature for pyrolysis operation ranges between 500–800 °C in an inert atmosphere. Gas, liquid and char are the main products of pyrolysis. It involves the irreversible change of chemical composition. It is a combination of Greek words Pyros meaning “fire” and lysis meaning “separation”. The relative amount of each product depends upon operating parameters, properties of biomass and type of pyrolysis process. Usually, decomposition of biomass at medium temperature (400 - 550°C) favors the production of liquid oil short residence times. According to existing literature on pyrolysis, yield of liquid oils can be divided into three temperature ranges (i) fast pyrolysis (?500°C) (ii) slow pyrolysis (low rates of biomass heating) and (iii) low temperature carbonization.

Project Objectives

Following are the main objectives of this study:

• Designing of the fixed bed reactor for the efficient co – pyrolysis.
• To identify the best possible/optimum ratio to obtain the maximum yield of bio oil.
• To find the best calorific value of bio oil through the combination of different ratios i.e. (Rice Straw RS/Waste Tire WT              1:0, 1:3, 1:1, 3:1, 0:1) of feedstock.
• To run the reactor at three different temperatures i.e. 450, 500 and 550 °C to observe the trend.

Project Implementation Method

The experimental unit consists of major components: (i) a fixed-bed reactor chamber; (ii) condenser; (iii) a N2 gas cylinder with a pressure regulator and gas flow meter; (iv) LPG cylinder with burner; (v) K-type (chromel-alumel) thermocouples with a temperature controller; (vi) water tank; (vii) liquid collector; (viii) oil reservoir; (ix) water circulating pump; (x) oil pump. The LPG burner having 4 arms of 25 cm length each consisting of ten 5mm size holes to heat the reactor

Chamber. The LPG burner provides uniform heating across the cross- section of the reactor chamber. The reactor and LPG burner is thermally isolated using 6 cm thick and height asbestos layer. The reactor height is 300mm and its diameter is 100mm, which provides an apparent vapor residence time of 5 sec. Te reactor will operate at a temperature of 450°C

1. 1. Experimental Conditions

Table 3 Experimental Conditions

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Benefits of the Project

To produce useful product i.e. bio oil from different types of wastes (rice husk and waste tire) and to propose an energy efficient waste to energy conversion solution.

Rice straw is the residue left from the rice crop and is produced in a large amount globally almost 557 million metric tons. Straw makes up about 50% of the dry weight of rice plants. For every ton of grain harvested, about 1.35 tons of rice straw remains in the field. Rice straw has a high potential as a source of lignocellulose biomass because of the high yield of rice straw per hectare therefore it can be utilized in an effective way. (Pütün, Apaydm, & Pütün, 2004)

Due to its availability and greater lignin and cellulose content we have selected rice straw as one of our feedstock to be used with the waste tire.

Around 1.5 billion tires are produced worldwide every year, which will eventually be categorized or interpreted as waste tires(Williams, 2013). Petroleum is the primarily about 70% is used as a fuel in transportation (Abnisa & Wan Daud, 2014). Natural presence of petroleum is already limited and also due to its extensive use age more shortage have been observed so other alternatives must be considered. Both tire and plastics have an ability to convert them into different products, mainly into liquid product i.e. bio oil through pyrolysis and co pyrolysis which can then be used as an alternative to be used as a fuel instead of petroleum.

To reduce the pollution and harmful adverse effects produced by these feedstock if openely burnt.

The produce oil can be used for burning, and to run the different processes in the industry.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

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Final Deliverable of the Project

Hardware System

Core Industry

Energy

Other Industries

Others

Core Technology

Others

Other Technologies

Clean Tech

Sustainable Development Goals

Good Health and Well-Being for People, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Climate Action

Required Resources

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