A high-efficiency on board charger with V2G capability for EVs.
The unsustainable nature of fossil fuel and its horrendous effect on our environment create a concern to find an environmentally friendly alternative energy source as dependency on fossil fuel is increasing exponentially. Increasing demands of vehicles surely had a great impact on the environment an
2025-06-28 16:30:05 - Adil Khan
A high-efficiency on board charger with V2G capability for EVs.
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummaryThe unsustainable nature of fossil fuel and its horrendous effect on our environment create a concern to find an environmentally friendly alternative energy source as dependency on fossil fuel is increasing exponentially. Increasing demands of vehicles surely had a great impact on the environment and reduction of Fossil Fuel. So, there is a need for Electric Vehicle technology that is cheaper and environment-friendly than conventional fuel Vehicles. The main concern and problem with it is its charging capability, which needs to be efficient, reliable, and cheaper. By considering these things we will design and develop an efficient on-board electric charger with Vehicle to Grid(V2G) capability for EVs which will more efficient.
Project Objectives- Efficient Charging Capability
The main need for EV is its charging which should be efficient. So, for increasing efficiency soft switching techniques will be used and this switching will be controlled by a microcontroller.
- Bidirectional power flow
When EV is parked electrical energy stored in it is unused. This energy can be returned to the grid for supplying power during peak load. So, converters will be bidirectional.
Project Implementation MethodSoftware design is important because testing and finding errors is easy on simulation software than on hardware implementation. Simulation is done with the help of software tools like PSPICE, Psim, MATLAB, Keil vision.
After completion of the simulation, the hardware part will be implemented using PCB designing.
Benefits of the ProjectThe end product will be a prototype of an efficient bidirectional on-board charger for Electric Vehicles (EVs) by implementing soft switching techniques using a microcontroller and that prototype would be economical, reliable, and environment friendly. Because of the bidirectional flow of power, it has the capability of sinking and sourcing so when EV is parked electrical energy stored in it is unused. This energy can be returned to the grid for supplying power during peak load.
Technical Details of Final Deliverable Project descriptionThis is a Power Electronic based project in which converters and controller will be used. First Converter will be AC to DC mainly a rectifier and the second will be a Dual Active Bridge (DAB) DC to DC converter. Because the aim is to achieve efficiency so the soft-switching (it helps to reduce the switching loss because switching devices turn on and off at zero or almost zero voltage/current. Ploss=VI) techniques will be used to attain efficiency. Then the efficiency of the converter with and without soft switching will be compared to verify the effectiveness of soft switching techniques in terms of efficiency. And power flow is bidirectional so the bidirectional converters will be used to provide a bidirectional flow of power. Two types of sensors that will be used are the current sensor and voltage sensor work as an input to the controller to determine the condition of the battery. Either battery is in the full state or empty state and provides safety. All devices are in control using a microcontroller. Further details are given below
- Rectifier
High power AC to DC converter will convert the AC source from the grid to DC because battery charging demands DC voltage for charging.
- Isolated DC_DC converter
The second stage of charging will be done by an isolated DC_DC converter. Isolation is provided through a transformer between the primary and secondary circuits of the converter. This converter should be step down because battery charging requires less voltage than provided from the grid. Isolation is important because the microcontroller will be used for the controller part and high voltage from input may damage the microcontroller and battery.
- Soft switching
ON/OFF switching of power semiconductor devices used in converters at high frequency is not ideal and however, generates switching losses that reduce converter efficiency. These losses generate because of overlap of voltage and current when switch transition takes place between fully On and fully OFF. These losses can be reduced significantly by soft switching. This can either be done by ZVS or ZCS. ZVS stands for Zero?voltage switching in which the switch voltage made to be zero during a transition between switching ZCS stands for zero?current switching in which the switch current made to be zero during a transition between switching. This method opposes the sudden ON/OFF and hence prevents the converter from losses.
- Controller
A microcontroller will be used to control all devices like battery charging, switching control, and power flow.
Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Energy , Manufacturing , Transportation Core Technology OthersOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Affordable and Clean Energy, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Climate ActionRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 42500 | |||
| Mosfets | Equipment | 24 | 300 | 7200 |
| High Ratings Diodes | Equipment | 24 | 200 | 4800 |
| Gate drivers | Equipment | 15 | 300 | 4500 |
| Transformers | Equipment | 2 | 1500 | 3000 |
| PCB Design | Equipment | 3 | 1000 | 3000 |
| Voltage/Current Sensors | Equipment | 2 | 1000 | 2000 |
| Controller (TMS320F28378D) | Equipment | 1 | 8000 | 8000 |
| Wires | Miscellaneous | 1 | 10000 | 10000 |