Wireless energy transfer using tesla coil

Project Title

Wireless energy transfer using tesla coil

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

Tesla coil is a type of resonant transformer invented by Nikola Tesla. It is used to generate high voltage, low current, and high frequency Alternating current. A tesla coil wireless power transmission system consists of a transmitter circuit combined or coupled to a main power source generating a changing magnetic field, causing current to be induced in a receiver coil through flux produced in the transmitter. Wireless power technology hasn't progressed much since Tesla's pioneering work. From mobile chargers to charging stations and wireless sensors wireless power transfer is used in a variety of applications. Wireless power faces the major challenge of cost and efficiency, which drops drastically if the range increases even by a fraction. In order to increase efficiency, the distance between the coils is increased after simulations have been completed. A tesla coil needs a high voltage power source fed to the tesla transformer to convert that power source to even higher voltage level. The powerful electric field produces due to this high voltage transformer coupled with receiver side to induces electric current in it by electromagnetic induction by mean of this process Tesla coil transmit it power wirelessly. The purpose of this project is to develop a model that will be more efficient and less expensive than the original Tesla coil version and whose voltage and current levels will be less harmful to the environment and human life. Tesla coils are used in telecommunications, telegraphy, medical equipment, educational purposes, and wireless power transmission.

Project Objectives

   A Tesla coil is an electrical resonant transformer circuit designed by inventor Nikola Tesla. It is used to produce high-voltage, low-current, high frequency alternating-current electricity. Tesla used these circuits to conduct innovative experiments in electrical lighting, phosphorescence, X-ray generation, high frequency alternating current phenomena, electrotherapy, and the transmission of electrical energy without wires. Tesla coil circuits were used commercially in spark gap radio transmitters for wireless telegraphy until the 1920s, and in medical equipment such as electrotherapy and violet ray devices. Today, their main usage is for entertainment and educational displays, although small coils are still used as leak detectors for high vacuum systems. Since tesla has lost is original use the purpose which it was built for wireless power transmission. The main objective of our project is to find the best solution and circuit to overcome issue and problems make our project efficient and use components and devices and make over project of less coast now a days simple tesla coil are built with high coasts and other objectives are to improve noise and deadly rays emitted by Tesla coil which can affect environment and health issues and last make our Tesla coil work efficiently in power transmission over distance without any effect to human and environment.

Project Implementation Method

The tesla coil is a resonance transformer it works on the law of electromagnetic induction using high frequency to transfer energy wirlessely.this project basically consists of part dived as a dc power supply to drive the zvs supply wjich convert direct current into alternating current with high frequency which drive the ferrite core high voltahe flyback transformer which then charge the high voltage capacitors to the breakdown voltage of the spark gap and the energy is transfered to the primary coil of tesla which the drive the secondary coil to high voltage all this happens due to the effect of induction and resonance. The load is few distance apart from the coil which works wirelessely e.g; A fluroscent bulb .

Benefits of the Project

  Our scope in this project is to make effective circuit or solution for Tesla coil which can get less costly and does not affect human health and environment with noise and deadly rays emitted by coil by some calculation and building new circuit use of high frequency high voltage low current on primary side of Tesla coil since high frequency and low current cannot cause high risk of death but still can cause little shock and can cause severe burn also use of insulating material properly to lower shock and damage rate use of spark gap with sound block barrier and stopping x rays and radio waves to interface with environment and other electronics which we don’t want to get work by wireless power or any risk to human and other aim is to increase transmission overall make efficient circuit with low power loss than the tesla coil which is out now in museum for display and educational purpose.there are many tesla coil circuit but spark gap version of tesla coil are cheaper than other but not to much our scope is to give effective circuit of spark gap tesla coil which is cheaper even than the spark gap version of tesla coil which is out now for education purpose. For this purpose, is used ZVS driver and flyback transformer which coast less than the high voltage transformer in original tesla circuit another advantage of using this circuit is that it uses high frequency which can be less harmless to human lives if someone accidently touches primary side of TC there is less or no risk of life.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

           Current from the Flyback transformer charges the capacitor bank to a high voltage When the voltage across the capacitor reaches the breakdown voltage of the spark gap a spark starts, reducing the spark gap resistance to a very low value. This completes the primary circuit and current from the capacitor flows through the primary coil. The current flows rapidly back and forth between the plates of the capacitor through the coil, generating high frequency oscillating current in the primary circuit at the circuit's resonant frequency which depends upon inductance and capacitance (LC) of the circuit

The oscillating magnetic field of the primary winding induces an oscillating current in the secondary winding by Faraday's law of induction. Over a number of cycles, the energy in the primary circuit is transferred to the secondary. Although the ends of the secondary coil are open, it also acts as a tuned circuit due to the capacitance the sum of the parasitic capacitance between the turns of the coil plus the capacitance of the toroid electrode. Current flows rapidly back and forth through the secondary coil between its ends. Because of the small capacitance, the oscillating voltage across the secondary coil which appears on the output terminal is much larger than the primary voltage. The secondary current creates a magnetic field that induces voltage back in the primary coil, and over a number of additional cycles the energy is transferred back to the primary, causing the oscillating voltage in the secondary to decrease. This process repeats, the energy shifting rapidly back and forth between the primary and secondary tuned circuits. The oscillating currents in the primary and secondary gradually die out due to energy dissipated as heat in the spark gap and resistance of the coil. When the current through the spark gap is no longer sufficient to keep the air in the gap ionized, the spark stops terminating the current in the primary circuit. The oscillating current in the secondary may continue for some time. The current from the Flyback transformer begins charging the primary capacitor again and the cycle repeats.

            On the receiving part there is another LC circuit named as receiving coil in block diagram below. The receiving part is similar to tesla coil secondary receiving coil both are tuned to resonate at same frequency which depend upon LC. As there is large electric field produced in the tesla coil secondary which is able to exchange energy wireless by receiving coil at some distance due to this change in electric field of receiving coil there is changing electric current produced which is then used to operate load. If the distance between both coil is shorter than maximum no of electric field line or flux will pass through receiving coil and hence the changing electric current produced will be higher.

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Medical Core Technology OthersOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Quality Education, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Peace and Justice Strong InstitutionsRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	40400
variable dc power supply	Equipment	1	7000	7000
ZVS driver	Equipment	2	3000	6000
Flyback transformer	Equipment	2	2000	4000
wires , tape and insulation materials	Miscellaneous	1	4000	4000
pipe for primary and secondary	Equipment	1	3000	3000
copper wire for secondary coil	Equipment	2	3000	6000
capacitors	Equipment	17	200	3400
structure	Miscellaneous	1	4000	4000
spark gap	Equipment	1	1000	1000
top load	Miscellaneous	2	1000	2000