Use of Fresnel lens in solar desalination to achieve enhanced distillate output

Project Title

Use of Fresnel lens in solar desalination to achieve enhanced distillate output

Project Area of Specialization Mechanical EngineeringProject Summary

We know that water is available in abundant amount on the earth, while water is only 1% drinkable for human being. 

Most of the water on the globe is not drinkable as it is highly saline.  Water available in rivers, lakes, ponds, ground wells is also not potable as human activities pollute it.

Polluted water affects the health of human and animals. It also influences the quality and quantity of agricultural products.

 Many people drink contaminated water unknowingly and suffer from acute, chronic diseases, cholera, chronic diarrhea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid, and polio (Tiwari and Sahota, 2017). The process to convert saline water into pure water using solar radiation is called solar distillation.  A solar device used for this purpose is called solar still.

Renewable energy sources such as wind, solar can be used for distillation. Solar energy is an environmentally clean, economical, and viable energy source for drinking water purification.

The earth continuously intercepts solar energy of 187 billion MW, which is 10,000 times more than the world’s requirement. (G.S. Sawhney)

 Solar still can remove an inorganic, bacteriological, organic, non-volatile contaminants, and bacteria from the water. 

We solved these problem in our project that to make solar water still device, which produce the pure water with good quality as well as in minimum cost just customer bear the initial cost of device then lifetime, he will take benefit from our project.

It can reduce the TDS level down to 30 PPM, which is acceptable for drinking. (Ramteke et al., 2016).

•Different levels of total dissolve solid (TDS) for drinkable water are below;

•According to world health organization (WHO).

TDS in water (measured in PPM)	Suitability for drinking water
50 to 150	Excellent for drinking
150  To 250	Good
250 to 300	Fair
300 to 500	Poor, not good for drinking
Above 1200	Unacceptable

• In our project model we success to reduces the TDS level from down to 50 ppm. that is given in below pictures 

TDS in water (measured in PPM)

50 to 150

150  To 250

250 to 300

300 to 500

Above 1200

Project Objectives

• Using fresnel lens to enhance the distillate output. 
• In which we can achieve maximum efficiency in low energy consumption or work.
• we can gain pure water in minimum cost as compared to other purification equipments  /devices / processes.
• It can be commercial purpose for provides potable water and it is good solution for remote areas where water is saline or brackish.
• Simple designs are preferred because they are cost-effective and easier to operate and maintain. 
• It can be installing any where in Pakistan, where water is not potable for human beings.

Project Implementation Method

Methodology/Design  

• The control of the design and operating parameters of solar still to maximize energy efficiency and productivity are reviewed to investigate the most excellent solar still design for domestic as well as industrial application.
• Many investigators altered the design of solar still components to make it more efficient and productive. Several research investigations are available in the literature on the control of design, and operating parameters to maximize the energy efficiency and productivity of the solar still.  

There are some parameters of Methodology:

1.  Start

2.  Literature review

3.  Design of solar water distillation

4.  Materials

5.  Fabrication/construction of solar water distillation

6.  Results.

Basic elements of solar still:

•  Incoming radiation (Energy)

•  Water vapor production from brine

•  Condensation of water vapor (Condensate)

•  Collection of condensates.

Operating parameters

•There are some different design parameters: 

• Temperature of cover sheet,

• Hot brackish water (°C),

• Tilted global radiation (kWh/m2),

• Wind speed (m/s).

• Ambient temperature,

•Hot brackish water have been recorded.

•The freshwater generation increases as the tilted global radiation increase.

These are our projects designs: 

Benefits of the Project

Some of the key benefits of solar desalination include the following

• it  highlights the clean technology
• It uses free solar energy for operation.
• Solar desalination plants are inexpensive, light in weight and easy to transport.
• The plants can be set up easily in village, city, coastal areas and
• Low maintenance costs.
• Environment -friendly.
• Minimum solid waste.
• in which we can achive maximium efficiency in low energy.
• we can gain pure water in minimum cost as compared to other purification equipmenet/devices.
• it is used for commercial purpose to provide potable water and its good solutions for remote location where water is saline or brackish.
• it is easy to operate, because there are not any cpmplicated parts, even unskilled persons can be operate.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Technical Deliverables

S/no	Name	Quantity
1	Mirrors	30 ft square
2	Transparent glasses	16 ft square
3	Fresnel lenses	4
4	Black colour	4
5	Silicon RTV	8
6	Gimsa	3
7	Black tape	4
8	Tri square	1
9	Binding tape	3
10	Water collector	1
11	Insulator	8 ft
12	Bond	3
13	Plumbing pipe	2 ft
14	Wooden table	1
15	steel tape rule	1

S/no1

2

3456789101112131415Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Manufacturing Core Technology Clean TechOther Technologies OthersSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for People, Clean Water and Sanitation, Affordable and Clean Energy, Decent Work and Economic Growth, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Responsible Consumption and Production, Climate Action, Life Below WaterRequired Resources

S/no	Name	Quantity
1	Mirrors	30 ft square
2	Transparent glasses	16 ft square
3	Fresnel lenses	4
4	Black colour	4
5	Silicon RTV	8
6	Gimsa	3
7	Black tape	4
8	Tri square	1
9	Binding tape	3
10	Water collector	1
11	Insulator	8 ft
12	Bond	3
13	Plumbing pipe	2 ft
14	Wooden table	1
15	steel tape rule	1