Smart waste management system

Project Title

Smart waste management system

Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject Summary

Pakistan’s solid waste generation goes from 0.283 to 0.612 kg/capital/day and waste generation growth rate increases by 2.4% every year. Main problem occurs when the waste remains untreated and disposed of by municipal authorities every day in an unhygienic manner leading to health issues and environmental degradation.

All these statistics are what makes it so important to make necessary efforts in the problem concerned. To encounter this alarming problem, Smart Waste management (SWMS) is an automated and smart dustbin intended to reduce human efforts and improving cleanliness. The project aims to develop a working prototype that has features like garbage level sensing.

Proposed system involves:

The project aims to develop a working prototype that has features like garbage level sensing. Some additional features involve:

1.  Monitoring and collection of waste from garbage bins placed at different places in a particular geographical area.

2. Indicating the level of garbage in the garbage bins.

3. Sending the garbage bin status to the operators by continuously displaying it on a mobile application.

3. Displaying the current location and status of garbage bins on a map.

4. Maintaining a database on the data acquired during the system’s operation.

5. Predicting the time each bin is going to be full.

Project Objectives

The main objective is to make the low cost and effective waste management system that will

stop the overflow of wastage outside the bins .

The proposed system can make the surrounding area clean providing better standard of living for people by efficient collection of bins in a timely manner.

The objectives are as follows:

• The IOT based  smart waste management  monitors the level of the individual bin and captures  the real time location of the bin. So, the user know which bin require collection. So,the user  can approach the bin by shortest route possible.
• Faced with standard solutions, which include making unnecessary trips to the empty bins and, on the other hand, do not meet the needs of those that are mostly filled, and in many cases the bin overflow. This system is able to monitor the level of garbage in the bin, avoid the overflowing by notifying the user about  the precise location and the level of the bin resulting in healthy and waste ridden environment.
• Stored the collected data for future use.For example predict the  level of bin fullness
• The collected data will provide us the ability to identify which bin really require collection or which area really need more bins.
• The proposed system will alert the user in case of  Fire detection in any bin.
• The system provides an effective and efficient waste collection system.

Project Implementation Method

For implementing the term of IoT one basically needs a module or device supporting Wi-Fi or Cloud capability. For this, the used module is NodeMCU a Wi-fi module capable of implementing Internet of Things.Node MCU will be acts as a heart of the project. The proposed system combines Smart Sensors and andriod application to effectively monitor individual bin status.

The ultrasonic sensor will be placed at the top of the bin which will detect the level of the bin.When the bin level reaches to the threshold value.The ultrasonic sensor will send signals to the Node MCU containing information about the level of the bin.Node MCU then activates the GPS modem which will capture the location of the bin. Node MCU then upload the data on the database.We are using “Firebase Realtime Database” to store the real time information of the bin. In case of fire, MQ2 gas sensor will be used for early fire detection.When the sensor detects any kind of gas it will alert the Node-MCU.      Node-MCU upload the data to the database which will be taken by an application.

The proposed system “Smart Waste Management system” obviously needs hardware side along with any software to monitor the garbage levels.The andriod application will then show the real time location of the bin through interactive interface and the level of the bins to the user.

Morever, the collected data will be used for future analysis to predict the peak level of bin fullness and the application shows the graph of individual bin which will provide us the ability to identify which bin really require collection or which area really need more bins.In case of fire detection,the application will alert the user.The user can see the status of the bin from anywhere in the world.

Benefits of the Project

Following are the benefits of  Smart Waste Management:

• The Major Benefits of this system is that it will stop the overflowing of garbage near the bin by sending alert to the user  before it gets full. Smart bins are installed with various types of sensors which will notify waste collection team ,when the bins are filled. As a result of notification, team can clear the bins in due time.
• The proposed system also provide the real time location of the bin. So ,the driver can easily approach to the bin by following the shortest route possible.It will help to reduce the unnecessary wastage of fuels.It will safe cost and time.
• Another benefit is that the proposed system will provide us the ability to identify which area of the city require more attention in the garbage collection or which area really need more bins by the analysis of the collected data through bins.
• With the help of interactive maps, the proposed system will help user to configure, monitor and plan everyday waste management activities.
• Another benefits is that it will decreases the traffic flow and consecutively noise due to less air pollution as result of less waste collection vehicles on the roads. This will become possible due to two way communication between smart dustbins and service operators.
• It keeps our surroundings clean and green and free from bad odour of wastes, emphasizes on healthy environment and keep cities more beautiful.
• Applying smart waste management process to the city optimizes management, resources and costs which makes it a "smart city".
• It helps administration to generate extra revenue by advertisements on smart devices.
• For waste and recycling facilities, fire is a huge danger. It houses fire detection sensor which triggers immediate notification to the emergency team in case of fire.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Proposed system involves:

1. Monitoring and collection of waste from garbage bins placed at different places in a particular geographical area.
2. Indicating the level of garbage in the garbage bins.
3. Sending the garbage bin status to the operators by continuously displaying it on a mobile application.
4. Displaying the current location and status of garbage bins on a map.
5. Maintaining a database on the data acquired during the system’s operation.
6. Predicting the time each bin is going to be full.

Our proposed project  “Smart Waste Management  system “ is based on the hardware and software parts.

The hardware portion includes the designing of the prototype of  smart  waste management  system using smart  sensors  and various hardware  components to collect  the information of individual  bin and uploading  that information to the database.

 The software part includes the designing of a user  friendly application that allows user  to see the individual bin status through interactive app interface.

HARDWARE PART:

The hardware components are:

• NodeMCU:

NodeMCU is an open source development board and firmware, contain the widely utilized ESP8266 -12E Wi-Fi module. It enables you to program the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module with the basic and strong LUA programming language or Arduino IDE.

• HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor:

This is used to determine the distance to an object. It offers excellent non-contact range detection with high accuracy and stable readings in an easy-to-use package from 2cm to 400 cm. The HC-SR04 gives the accurate distance measurement using the transmit-echo operation.

• MQ2 Gas Sensor:

It is one of the most commonly used gas sensors in MQ sensor series. It is a Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) type Gas Sensor. It can be used to detect fire.

• The GPS Modem:

A GPS receiver  tracks and uses multiple satellites for  fast, accurate positioning and velocity estimates. The GPS Modem is specifically included in this project so as to give the precise location of the bins being monitored.

SOFTWARE PART:

The mobile application will consists of:

• Interactive Maps:

 With the Maps SDK for Android, maps based on Google Maps data can be added to a mobile application. The API automatically handles access to Google Maps servers, data downloading, map display, and response to map gestures. 

• Database:

 An update button is responsible to update the location information to the Firebase database. The Firebase Realtime Database is a cloud-hosted database. Data is stored as JSON and synchronized in realtime. When building cross-platform apps with Android, and JavaScript SDKs, all of the garbage collectors share one Realtime Database and automatically receive updates with the newest data.

• Predictive Analysis for Bin Fullness:

Firebase Predictions can be used to predict the fullness of each bin.

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry OthersOther IndustriesCore Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other Technologies Cloud InfrastructureSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for People, Clean Water and Sanitation, Affordable and Clean Energy, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Responsible Consumption and ProductionRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	5300
NodeMCU	Equipment	2	450	900
HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor	Equipment	2	200	400
MQ2 Gas Sensor	Equipment	2	300	600
The GPS Modem	Equipment	2	650	1300
breadboard/vero board	Equipment	2	200	400
LCD	Equipment	2	250	500
Batteries	Equipment	6	200	1200