Smart Energy Meter with Load Management

Project Title

Smart Energy Meter with Load Management

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

The project presents designing and implementation of the cost effective Energy Meter having demand side load management with flexible tariff plan. Smart Energy Meter with enabling feature of Automatic Meter Reading(AMR) and storing data in SD card, communication of billing information with the consumer and utility through GSM network, tampering detection and notify both consumer and utility through Short Massaging Service(SMS).

The main focused area of our project is the demand side load management during Peak and OFF Peak hours. During Peak hours the Energy Meter will allow the lights loads like lights, fans, heaters, televisions, etc, to turn on and the heavy loads like ACs, refrigerators, etc , will be turned off. Likewise during OFF Peak hours heavy loads as well light loads will be turned on and the consumer will get full access to manage all these loads according to his needs. Using load management consumer can go into daily cost reduction process. In load management, consumer load limits is flexibly reduced during peak hours and by increasing this limits Smart Energy Meter automatically cut off loads from the main supply and the consumer will get the loads turn off massage through GSM. In case of any fault Smart Energy Meter will automatically cutoff the loads from main supply through relay operation.

Bill is automatically calculated at the LCD at anytime. Generation and consumption of electricity are observed 24/7 hours.

At the end whole project is compiled on a single microcontroller and a single PCB which makes it a launch able product in the market.

Project Objectives

In our Final Year Project , we have proposed and practically implemented  a GSM based Smart Energy Meter that has objectives such as:

1. SMS based energy metering:  The proposed meter can be used for automatic energy metering purpose with excellent features. The utility has no need to deploy any workforce for reading the collection, bill distribution, revenue collection, load disconnection, and reconnection, etc.
2. SMS based smart load management:  The meter can control the loads in the user premises that can solve complete blackout problem, by which the user can go through cost reduction process by managing the loads during peak and off peak hours
3. Electricity protections:  In case of any fault Smart Energy Meter will automatically cutoff the loads from main supply through relay operation. Tampering detection feature is also implemented which will protect from any unauthorized activity within the metering. moreover the smart energy meter will be capable storing all mearsured parameters in SD Card which can be used later when smart energy meter gets damage or powered off.

Project Implementation Method

      There are two main measurement blocks. One is voltage measurement block and the other is the current measurement block. In voltage measurement, main power supply is connected to the primary of a 230-4.5 V step down transformer while secondary of the transformer is connected to a voltage divider circuit which consists of a two resistors of values 100k and 10k which divides the secondary voltage of the transformer into a ratio of 10:1.

The value of voltage across the low value resistor is taken to be fed to the analog pin of the Arduino but this AC signal contains both the positive and negative values. As Arduino can read only the positive values, so to convert the negative values of the incoming signal into positive values, a DC voltage shift is given to the incoming signal. For this purpose, a 5V DC is supplied to the voltage divider circuit consisting of two 470k resistors dividing the voltage equally. This DC shift is added to the incoming voltage level so that the negative portion of the signal may be converted into positive since the Arduino can read only the positive values. The voltage that has been now converted into the compatible range of the Arduino is given to the analog pin of Arduino.The voltages, current and real power consumed, power factor, energy, billing information are displayed on the 20 x 4 LCD. The LCD is connected to the Arduino. The energy is measured by multiplying the real power consumed by the load with the time. All the values are constantly stored in the SD card. The snap action switch has been used for tampering alert if unauthorized person tries to open the meter casing and this tampering information is stored in SD card. The GSM module is connected to the Arduino through the serial communication pins TX and RX of the module with the pins 9 and 10 of the Arduino. The 5V supply to the GSM module is separately provided by the Arduino. The GSM module is operated through AT commands. These commands are basically the instructions that are used for controlling and communicating with the GSM/GPRS modem.

all the communication and peak houres Load Managment will be carried out using GSM module

Benefits of the Project

The benefits of our project are:

• This system sends all measuring parameters voltage, current, power, power factor, kilowatt hours and billing directly to utility and user which will eliminate the inevitable human error that occur with manual collection of data.
• All  measured data will store in SD card for backup which can be easily restored in case of any damage to SEM 
• Uses will be allowed to manage demand side load during peak and off-peak hours exceeding  the limits meter will off the load within no time which will reduce the billing cost of consumers and the electricity crises which Pakistan is facing these days.
• In case of any fault in demand side load meter will cut off the load from main supply which will protect all the appliances from damage.
• Temper alert feature to prevent any unauthorized activity within the meter and demand side.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Milestone/ Deliverable

Timeline

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Literature Review

Simulations

Hardware Design

&n

Milestone/

Deliverable

Aug

Literature Review

Simulations

Hardware Design

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Finance , Telecommunication Core Technology OthersOther Technologies Shared EconomySustainable Development Goals Affordable and Clean Energy, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Responsible Consumption and ProductionRequired Resources

Elapsed time in (days or weeks or month or quarter) since start of the project	Milestone	Deliverable
Month 1	analysis of the project, scope, background of project and related work	literature review
Month 2	decomposition acceptance, Cost Estimations acceptance	Project Plan
Month 3	Design acceptance, Design compliance with analysis	Design
Month 4	Code/functionality compliance with the design, Unit test	Development
Month 5	System components collection, system Build, integration test	Integration
Month 6	Test scenario collection, Test Environment set-up	Testing