Pulmonary Ventilator

Project Title

Pulmonary Ventilator

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

As we know that ventilator is like a basic need for a patient with a severe respiratory problems and a portable ventilator is like must have for them that can help to regulate their respiration anytime and anywhere. So our main objective is to design and construct a portable ventilator that can help then in respiration and can monitor a patient’s BP, heartbeat, ECG and number of breathes per minute. It will also help to adjust number of breaths per minute according to patient’s requirement. It will use AMBU bag and a mechanically designed arm that will help it to work without human labor. The mode of working of this ventilator will be Continuous Mandatory Ventilation (CMV) in which it provides the patient with a clinician-selected number of guaranteed mechanical breaths each minute. An oxygen bag will be connected to it that will help in respiration with the help of reservoir bag in the way. Ultimately for exhalation, the arm moves away from the bag and the bag inflates itself which drops pressure then air exhales from the respirator valve and as other valves are one way thus they do not let exhaled air get mix with oxygen in the reservoir bag.

Project Objectives

The main objective is to design and construct a portable ventilator that can help the patients in respiration and can monitor a patient’s BP, heartbeat, ECG and number of breathes per minute. To design a ventilator which will use mechanical arm instead of human labor and make it portable and easy to use. Also to set a mode of working of this ventilator which will be Continuous Mandatory Ventilation (CMV) in which it provides the patient with a clinician-selected number of guaranteed mechanical breaths each minute. This ventilator will also measure respiratory rate, BP and will monitor ECG. It will also control breathing rate and tidal volume digitally. To design tachometer with the help of an IR sensor and is used to monitor the RPM of the motor. To measure tidal volume using digital spirometer which will be designed with the help of an MPX5010DP sensor. It will improve oxygenation and relieve respiratory distress – off-load respiratory muscles.

Project Implementation Method

In the Pulmonary Ventilator Arm of a mechanical system is used to push the AMBU bag in order to create pressure on the patient’s airway for inhaling thus oxygen drawn from the reservoir bag, which is connected to an oxygen cylinder, goes to the patient’s lungs. For exhalation, the arm moves away from the bag and the bag inflates itself which drops pressure then air exhales from the respirator valve and as other valves are one way thus they do not let exhaled air get mix with oxygen in the reservoir bag. The mechanical system converts the rotational motion of the motor to linear motion for that motor will be connected with the camshaft, the camshaft will connect with the sliding shaft and then the arm that used to push will connect with sliding shafts. Arm along with sliding shaft will move back and forth and their speed will be adjusted according to breathing rate. Mechanical Arm will exert pressure from one side of the bag, from opposite side rigid support will be provided thus positive pressure will create on patient’s airways. The tachometer will be designed with the help of an IR sensor, is used to monitor the RPM of the motor, will be connected with a mechanical arm and RPMs will be used to measure the breathing rate. Increasing and decreasing the breathing rate will change the speed of the motor. For measuring the tidal volume digital spirometer will be designed with the help of an MPX5010DP sensor and Ventilator Flow Sensor. Sensors data will be a display on LCD with help of a microcontroller and the user will be able to set different breathing rate and then the microcontroller adjust the speed of a motor according to that.

Benefits of the Project

Our designed ventilator will be portable, easy to use and convenient because you can get it anywhere with you if you are a patient with respiratory problem and like in current situation of Covid you can take it with you because you or any other person near you may need artificial ventilation. It will be cheaper in price and light in weight. This ventilator is easy to operate that every person can use it and take it with him/her in case of any emergency. Results will be displayed on LCD and AMBU bag will be used to create a pressure for respiration. For exhalation, the arm moves away from the bag and the bag inflates itself which drops pressure then air exhales from the respirator valve and as other valves are one way thus they do not let exhaled air get mix with oxygen in the reservoir bag. So in this way this ventilator will be beneficial as everyone can afford it and we can save more lives.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

A pulmonary Ventilator will be used to provide mechanical Ventilation to patients unable to breathe properly. It’s a portable, light in weight, and low in cost ventilator which achieves typical used ventilators functionality. This proposed ventilator will provide sufficient oxygen to the patient, enable the user to control and monitor the tidal volume and breathing rate and it would be used invasively and noninvasively with the least possibility of transmission of infection from one patient to others. It is based on an AMBU bag which is usually used in hospitals for manual ventilation operated by trained staff but in this ventilator manual ventilation provided by an AMBU bag is converted into mechanical ventilation by using a mechanical arm along with an AMBU bag. The mechanical arm is designed to push the AMBU bag in order to create positive pressure. There is a controller which is used to control different parameter of this ventilator like breathing rate and tidal volume. It also consists of different sensors for measuring the tidal volume and breathing rate. Display the result on LCD so physicians monitor the result, set the breathing rate, and increase and decrease the tidal volume according to the requirement. The mode of working of this ventilator will be Continuous Mandatory Ventilation (CMV) in which it provides the patient with a clinician-selected number of guaranteed mechanical breaths each minute.

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry MedicalOther IndustriesCore Technology OthersOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for PeopleRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	79500
MPX5010DP	Equipment	2	1500	3000
• Flexible pipe tube for sensor & PVC Pipe 1 ft., 1.5inch	Equipment	3	150	450
Foam Circle (For pipe) & Hot Glue Gun	Equipment	1	500	500
Sliding Shaft	Equipment	1	12000	12000
Ventilator Flow Sensor	Equipment	2	7910	15820
ARDUINO MEGA	Equipment	2	1850	3700
IR SENSOR	Equipment	2	300	600
TFT LCD Module	Equipment	1	3000	3000
PCB sheet	Equipment	1	200	200
AMBU Kit	Equipment	1	15530	15530
OXYGEN FLOWMETER	Equipment	1	4200	4200
L293d Motor Driver Module	Equipment	1	700	700
Potentiometer & Resistor	Equipment	35	10	350
Push button & Switches	Equipment	20	20	400
Jumper wire cables	Equipment	1	500	500
Project Box/Enclosure	Equipment	1	1500	1500
CHARGER	Equipment	1	700	700
BATTERY	Equipment	2	400	800
MOTOR DC	Equipment	2	500	1000
CAM SHAFT SET	Equipment	1	1800	1800
NOZEL	Equipment	3	150	450
CAM ROD	Equipment	2	400	800
Testing Balloon	Equipment	2	150	300
PVC PIPE 1/8	Equipment	2	100	200
AMBU Bag Holder	Equipment	1	1500	1500
Staionary	Miscellaneous	1	3000	3000
Printing	Miscellaneous	1	6000	6000
overhead	Miscellaneous	1	500	500