Prototype of Hybrid Generation and Synchronization for Required Load Demand

The rapid depletion of fossil fuel resources on a world-wide basis has necessitated an urgent search for alternative energy sources to cater to the present day demands. Alter-native energy resources such as solar and wind have attracted energy sectors to generate power on a large scale. A drawback,

Project Title

Prototype of Hybrid Generation and Synchronization for Required Load Demand

Project Area of Specialization

Electrical/Electronic Engineering

Project Summary

The rapid depletion of fossil fuel resources on a world-wide basis has necessitated an urgent search for alternative energy sources to cater to the present day demands. Alter-native energy resources such as solar and wind have attracted energy sectors to generate power on a large scale. A drawback, common to wind and solar options, is their unpredictable nature and dependence on weather and climatic changes, and the variations of solar and wind energy may not match with the time distribution of demand. Fortunately, the problems caused by the variable nature of these resources can be partially overcome by integrating the two resources in proper combination, using the strengths of one source to overcome the weakness of the other.  The hybrid systems that combine solar and wind generating units with battery backup can attenuate their individual fluctuations and reduce energy storage requirements significantly. However, some problems stem from the increased complexity of the system in comparison with single energy systems.

• No electricity will be generated when the wind or the solar is not available. It depends upon the weather as well as geographical locations where the solar and wind is available in abundant
• Strength of wind is not constant because it varies from time to time. This means that wind turbines do not produce the same amount of electricity all the time.
• Solar energy is also not constant in the night time or during the sunny days.

So taking view of above difficulties of the solar/wind hybrid model, we are introducing small hydro-power generation plants along with the solar and wind plants. Hydro Energy as another generating resource accompany with the above two resources. The hydro energy can generate electricity at any climate conditions which can increase the overall production of the system and decrease the demand of batteries for this system. The individual efficiency of the hydro energy is very high which can improve the efficiency of whole new hybrid model.

Project Objectives

To propose a hybrid model of solar, wind and small hydro for distributed power generation.

• To implement the hybrid model and its components in the Simulink environment.

• To carry out cost analysis whether it’s profitable to maintain this hybrid model.

• To compare the current electricity generation costs with the proposed model.

• To propose a hybrid model of solar, wind and small hydro for distributed power generation.
• To implement the hybrid model and its components in the Simulink environment.
• To carry out cost analysis whether it’s profitable to maintain this hybrid model.
• To compare the current electricity generation costs with the proposed model.

• To propose a hybrid model of solar, wind and small hydro for distributed power generation.

• To implement the hybrid model and its components in the Simulink environment.

• To carry out cost analysis whether it’s profitable to maintain this hybrid model.

• To compare the current electricity generation costs with the proposed model.

Small Hydro plants have been already implemented and are running successfully all over the world. In this project, a higher efficiency cost analysis of Solar/Wind/Small Hydro Hybrid System will be developed.

• Hydro Power plant will be developed
• Wind turbine will be developed
• Solar panel model will be used for solar power
• Combine and synchronize the generation of all sources
• Synchronize the generation of all sources with the utility grid
• Load will be controlled via generated power and grid power
• Surplus power will be provided to the grid
• Android App will be designed which will display the produced power of generation sources in real time.

Project Implementation Method

A distributed hybrid model of solar, wind and small hydro will be designed for generation of electrical power. Solar panels will be used for solar power generation. Solar power is the conversion of sun radiation into electricity through the use of solar photovoltaic cells. This method of power generation is called solar thermal power generation. Wind turbine will also be used for generation of AC power. Wind power generation means getting the electrical energy by converting wind energy into rotating energy of the blades and converting that rotating energy into electrical energy by the generator. Wind energy increases with the cube of the wind speed, therefore WTGs should be installed in the higher wind speed area. Hydro power plant will also be developed for production of DC power. Hydropower or water power is power derived from the energy of falling or fast-running water, which may be harnessed for useful purposes. Hardware prototype of all three sources will be developed. Hydro plant that will generate electricity from water to act as the main power source for the loads. Solar panel and wind turbine will be used to provide backup energy in case the load demand is greater than the power being generated from the Hydro plant.

Smart controller that will switch the power plants in accordance to the load demand (e.g auto turn ON/OFF backup and main power source). That controller will also provide synchronization between power generated by these hybrid sources. If the load demand will rise from the generated power from the given sources, then that demand will be fulfilled from the utility grid. On the other hand, if the generation of power will be greater than load demand then surplus power will be provided to the utility grid. Android application will be designed that will show the real time data of the whole system (e.g Power being generated from hydro, wind and solar, power being utilized, efficiency of the system, etc).

Benefits of the Project

The proposed system is an effort to make possible optimum harvesting of an everlasting, environment friendly and free source of energy.

The main advantage of a grid connected PV system is its simplicity, relatively low operating and maintenance costs as well as reduced electricity bills. The disadvantage however is that a sufficient number of solar panels need to be installed to generate the required amount of excess power.

Solar PV system is very reliable and clean source of electricity that can suit a wide range of applications such as residence, industry, agriculture, livestock, etc. Net metering is a billing arrangement by which a net meter (Bi-directional meter) is installed at any Grid Tied Renewable Energy system (Solar) which import electricity when production from solar system is less than demand and it exports electricity. When electricity production through solar system is more than the demand and at the end of month the Utility company sends the monthly bill of the net meter and this gives a saving to consumer and benefit to Utility of having solar electricity for other consumers to use when Renewable system exports electricity

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Block diagram of proposed model represents that the solar panel will be used for production of DC power, hydro power plant will also generate DC power while wind turbine will generate AC power. The DC power of solar panel and hydro power plant will be converted into AC power via DC-AC inverter. The generated power of wind turbine will be converted into DC via rectifier then DC-AC inverter will be used to convert that DC power into AC. That conversion will be made in order to match the frequency and phase of wind turbine with the frequency and phase of the grid. Smart controller will be used to switch the power generation systems according to load demand. Controller will also provide the synchronization between generated power sources and grid. If the load demand will rise from the generated power from the given sources, then that demand will be fulfilled from the utility grid. On the other hand, if the generation of power will be greater than load demand then surplus power will be provided to the utility grid.

Flowchart represents that the function starts with the input of solar, wind and hydro generation mechanism. The produced power of solar and hydro will be DC while wind turbine will produce AC power. That AC power will be converted to first DC then that power will again converted into AC via DC-AC inverter. The DC power of other two sources will also be converted into0 AC power by using inverter. The produced power will be provided to the controller which will firstly use the power of that source which will be more reliable and cost effective according to cost analysis. Grid will also be connected with these sources and controller will provide the synchronization between frequency and phase of grid and generation sources. If the load demand will be smaller than the power produced by hybrid sources then the surplus power will be returned to the utility grid but on the other hand, if load demand will be greater than the generation than power will be taken from grid and load demand will be fulfilled.

Final Deliverable of the Project

Hardware System

Core Industry

Energy

Other Industries

Others

Core Technology

Artificial Intelligence(AI)

Other Technologies

Internet of Things (IoT)

Sustainable Development Goals

Affordable and Clean Energy

Required Resources

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