Power Generation Through Run-off River

Summary: There are lots of turbine that can be classified as steam turbine, gas turbine and water which is also called hydro power plant, title of the project reflect the purpose to design a prototype of an efficient hydro power plant to meet the electricity demand. The main

Project Title

Power Generation Through Run-off River

Project Area of Specialization

Electrical/Electronic Engineering

Project Summary

Summary:

There are lots of turbine that can be classified as steam turbine, gas turbine and water which is also called hydro power plant, title of the project reflect the purpose to design a prototype of an efficient hydro power plant to meet the electricity demand. The main scope of the project is to build useful, effective, environment friendly and efficient design model, analyze and face the real world problems and to find their effective solution of an efficient hydro power plant. In this hydro power plant, propeller will be immersed into the river which is a prime mover which will drive the turbine by using the kinetic energy of water which will be converted into the mechanical energy as stated “Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed but it can be changed from one form to another form”. For this lots of study and research paper have been gone through that mostly covered the part of finding the formulas for calculating and understanding the run off river concepts, and the selection of the prime mover that is propeller, the fabrication part is done by using as much as theoretical value that were calculated first, for gathering information different hydro power plants were aid through for the implementation of the efficient design. And this project will be portable, efficient and able to work in different kind of water flow due to the efficient designing of the turbine. Many testing were carried out to meet the objective of the design. It has many advantages over the other renewable sources of power plant it is quite portable and easy to transport and install everywhere in the flowing water, more over this project and design is friendlier environment and more cost effective solution for the generation of an electricity without interrupting the river flow.

Project Objectives

Objective:

More than our capability, efforts have been put in this project to gain more knowledge some of the important objectives of the project are, to develop and design a prototype of an effective hydro power plant which can generate up to 1KW or the maximum output power and provide the source of supply to the rural areas in a cheaper rate which can also reduce the burden on natural resource that are used commercially for the power generation. This can be interconnected to the grid to sell the power, by expanding it on a large scale. Through the implementation of this project we can analyze all the principle which are used in turbine component designing. our main objective is also to provide them the backup sources in the form of battery in case of any maintenance for which need to stabilize the voltage to 12 V DC for battery charging by designing a MPPT charge controller. This project will bring awareness to the people about the renewable sources of generation to overcome the pollution and its diverse effect by providing them the most beneficial and environmentally friendly turbines, which can overcome another turbines in a cost effective manner.

Project Implementation Method

3D DESIGNING ON AUTOCAD:

Turbine plays the most important role in this project because all the other things are dependent on this propeller which is prime mover of the alternator. After obtaining the information from many researched paper of each turbine, this has been designed on AutoCad which help to build the prototype of propeller. In this design, blades are made adjustable to increase the output power if the water flow reduces. This has been made of plastic to reduce the weight.

Supporting Structure:

The dimension of the structure is designed to be “L” shaped of height 33 inch and width is around 30 inch as an appropriate for the canal and alternator will be placed on the top of structure to keep it safe from the water, and also one of the big reason to keep it at height was clearing the space between the propeller and water which can become barrier.

Designing Alternator:

Stator Winding:

Generator is another important part of Hydro power plant without this an electricity cannot be generated for this, low rpm alternator is required as the rpm of only prime mover in water is observed to be 150rpm, so a 27 coil slots stator  is selected means 9 coils/phase of length core of 27mm.

But the result observed from this designed was not found to more useful. So there was a need to change the alternator.

Alternator Improvement:

By connecting further stator in the previous design was not the appropriate solution to increase the output power, it could increase the weight of the machine instead of output power. So now 48 slots stator of the alternator was found from the market of size 50mm and inner diameter of 187mm and outer 290mm and it is wind by using 22 AWG copper wire, hence each coil carries 35 turns and wound by using 2 conductor and having a coil pitch of 4. 

Rotor Designing:

As by increasing the number of pole beyond the range also causes the abnormal result or inefficient as happened earlier. So now to solve the problem same neodymium magnets N35 of size 30x10x3mm is used to make a 16 pole alternator and one pole is made by using 6 magnets of 3x2 matrix in horizontal direction. Air gap between the stator and rotor is around 5mm.

Speed Increasing Mechanism:

As the speed of the propeller in water is low but with a high torque so to increase the speed up to desired level such as belt or gear box of ratio 1.7:1 have been selected which ultimately increases the speed and reduces the torque within the range.

Rectification:

After the generation of AC voltages, as it cannot be used directly, first it need to convert in DC voltages by using the 3 phase bridge rectifier because to stable down the voltages to 12V, MPPT is used which have a DC input. 10A 1000V rating of the diodes have been used in the process of rectification. Diode D7 is used to stop the reverse voltage flow and then capacitor are used for the filtration.

And then by using an inverter it is to be convert into AC 220V for local use.

Benefits of the Project

Benefits Of Project:

1. Hydro power plant is most sustainable renewable source of energy as it reduce the effect of greenhouse gases emission.
2. Hydro power plant is mainly run by the flow of water, hence it does not require any fuel, and this make it a clean source of energy.
3. It is the domestic source of energy, which allow everyone to use without being dependent on any other or international fuel.
4. Hydro power plant is more flexible than any other, it can go directly from zero output power to its maximum output power.
5. It can provide the essential backup to grid in the case of outage of an electricity.
6. It has adjustable blades, so output power can be increased if flow changes its direction or speed.
7. Pico hydro power plant is friendlier environment and the better source to generate an electricity because of the propeller design, and does not require the large construction of dams.
8. Pico hydro power plant is simple to install everywhere in the flowing water which is made up of steel pipes, alternator and propeller which is easy to find to find their components and equipment in the market.
9. This system has been more demanded in the market, hence it has relatively lower the building cost than any other.
10. It is the best solution to install locally to save the money as the energy prices is increasing rapidly in worldwide.
11. It has more compact size as it is clear by named “PICO”, multiple units can be installed in a canal to increase the total output power.
12. It has only an installation cost, but not have any maintenance cost.
13. As generating an electricity from Hydropower plant does not emit any gases like others thermal and nuclear power plant, so it decreases the rate of pollution.
14. It does not harm the marine life and even does not cause the destruction on the land.
15. Output power increases if the river flow increases. As the flow of river is not constant and vary day by day.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Technical Detail of Final Deliverable:

Our aim of making this project is to provide the electricity in the rural areas like Sakran District, Hub, Balochist?n, where they have the benefits of canal but deprived from an electricity, so this project would surely help them to generate an electricity. But the most important thing to keep in mind is to design technically the project compatible to canal so multiple unit can be install in a right of way. Width of the canal is around 4ft, and width of the designed structure is around 30 inch and some margin of space left to clear the area for the garbage not to stick on the structure or in propeller.

Technically, another main target is to place the propeller on the correct height so to generate the maximum output power, as the height of the water is around 7 inch minimum and 8-9 inches maximum with respect to the ground level, but in this project height of the propeller is maintained at 8 inch from center point to the ground level to keep half propeller inside the water and half outside to the water to move it at fast speed. And also the alternator is to place at the height of around 33 inches due to saving it from the water and increases it life. Outcomes of only the alternator have been tested on 300, 600 and 1200W output load which is proved to be efficient on this stage and an indication to move ahead. .

Actual product of the project will be a complete unit of power generation which will be deploy in Sakran, that comprises of portable structure on which alternator will be placed and a separate unit of conversion of AC voltages into DC which is fed to MPPT to stabilize the DC voltages for the battery charging which is for the backup purpose in case of any maintenance or when the pressure of the water drop below the limit, DC voltages will convert into AC by the inversion for the local usage, the main purpose of designing the portable turbine is to easily carry everywhere or install in the flowing water.  

Final Deliverable of the Project

Hardware System

Core Industry

Energy

Other Industries

Others

Core Technology

Others

Other Technologies

Sustainable Development Goals

Affordable and Clean Energy

Required Resources

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