PLC and IOT Based Monitoring and Controlling of Power Transformer
Pakistan is currently facing huge hurdles to maintain round the clock supply of electric power in the major areas. This makes it more annoying when a shortfall increases by the failure of the power transmissions and even this increases more in summer season when due to overload and high level enviro
2025-06-28 16:28:48 - Adil Khan
PLC and IOT Based Monitoring and Controlling of Power Transformer
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummaryPakistan is currently facing huge hurdles to maintain round the clock supply of electric power in the major areas. This makes it more annoying when a shortfall increases by the failure of the power transmissions and even this increases more in summer season when due to overload and high level environmental effects of heat power transformers failure rate increases numerously. In this article a protection scheme is proposed which can successfully protect the transformer and mitigate the risk of enormous destruction caused by the transformer explosion, protecting major and expensive power system equipment and human life.
Project ObjectivesControl the operation of power transformer using IOT and PLC.
To monitor the various parameters like temperature regulation over load over limit vibration.
The power transformer to be protected is connected to the main AC supply and delivered power (P=IV) to the output terminal. The power transformer primary and secondary currents are measured by the current transformers.
Magnetic contactors are used before selector switches to prevent phase disturbances.
The main aim is to develop a methodology useful for power transformer protection and detect problems before exceeding the preset value.
The transformers are connected to the primary and secondary side of the step-down transformer and are used to reduce the currents to a measurable value that can be measured by Amperes, Temperature, Oil level and vibration.
Acting is used for monitoring and controlling the working activities of the protection zone and display values of temperature, current, oil level and vibration sensed on the transformer. The overload relay is to protect the load and to adjust delay time for our system.
Whenever extra load or an internal fault occurs in the transformer the currents seen by the CT and sensors which are connected to the Transformers and Controlled by PLC and MCU Microcontroller by which we can display our output data on LCD screen and Mobile Apps.
Useful for power transformer protection and detect problems before exceeding the preset value monitoring and controlling the working activities of the protection zone and display values of temperature,current, oil level and vibration sensed on the transformer.
Technical Details of Final DeliverableThis final hardware will consist of a Transformer, which is the main component to be protected, along with that different sensors including temperature sensor, vibration sensor, ultrasonic sensor, current sensor, and voltage sensor are used to monitor the condition of Transformer. An ESP32 32-bit controller is used to control the whole operation of the Transformer with the help of PLC. ESP32 takes the data from sensors and sends it to the webpage through the internet for monitoring and control purposes.
Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry Energy Other IndustriesCore Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 34100 | |||
| Power Transformer | Equipment | 1 | 4000 | 4000 |
| CT | Equipment | 3 | 500 | 1500 |
| Magnetic contactor | Equipment | 1 | 1200 | 1200 |
| Mitsubishi plc xinje | Equipment | 1 | 18000 | 18000 |
| Esp32 | Equipment | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |
| 12c module | Equipment | 1 | 800 | 800 |
| Buck convertor | Equipment | 1 | 400 | 400 |
| Pc817 photo coupler | Equipment | 1 | 50 | 50 |
| Ultrasonic sensor | Equipment | 1 | 250 | 250 |
| Ds18B20 temperature sensor | Equipment | 1 | 400 | 400 |
| Exhaust fan 220v + connecting wires | Miscellaneous | 1 | 1000 | 1000 |
| Spst switches | Equipment | 4 | 150 | 600 |
| Lcd | Equipment | 1 | 300 | 300 |
| PVC casing | Equipment | 1 | 3000 | 3000 |
| Load identification Leds | Equipment | 3 | 200 | 600 |