IOT based Transformer health monitoring

Transformers are the main building block in a power system. Any damages in transformers adversely affects the balance of a power system. The damages are mainly occurring due to overloading and inefficient cooling. The main objective of the real time monitoring of the health conditions of the distrib

Project Title

IOT based Transformer health monitoring

Project Area of Specialization

Electrical/Electronic Engineering

Project Summary

Transformers are the main building block in a power system. Any damages in transformers adversely affects the balance of a power system. The damages are mainly occurring due to overloading and inefficient cooling. The main objective of the real time monitoring of the health conditions of the distribution transformer using IOT technology. 

The parameters such as temperature, voltage, current and oil level of a transformer are monitored, processed and recorded in servers. For this purpose, we use sensors interfaced with atmega328 microcontroller. The recorded data can be send using Wi-Fi module and accessed from anywhere around the world using IOT technology. This helps in identifying and solving a problem before a failure without human monitoring.

Protection of the power system is an important aspect to protect electrical components against the faults to increase their lifetime, postpone unwanted replacement cost of damaged ones and assure continuity of supply to serve the growing demand. The work's prime objective is to develop an  IoT (Internet of Things) based system that can be used to protect  the  transformer  by  monitoring and  controlling the operating parameters, i.e., current value, oil level, etc., and reports  that same. 

Project Objectives

Electricity has several components and equipment helping human to transfer and regulate the distribution according to usage. The most crucial equipment of transmission and distribution of electric power is transformer. In Power system, an electrical component transformer directly distributes power to the low-voltage users and its operation condition is a criteria of the entire network operation. The majority of the devices have been in service for many years in different (electrical, mechanical, environmental) conditions. They are the main components and constitute the large portion of capital investment.

Operation of distribution transformer under rated condition (as per specification in their name plate) guarantees their long service life. However their life is significantly reduced if they are subjected to overloading, heating low or high voltage current resulting in unexpected failure and loss of supply to a large number of customers thus is effecting system reliability. Overloading, oil temperature load current and ineffective cooling of transformer are the major cause of failure in distribution transformer. 

Project Implementation Method

The internet of things is about connecting the unconnected things. It allows things to accessible from the internet that historically have not been. The internet of things is able to  improve quality of life for everyone by taking advantage of these connected thing and data  produced. The billions of m2m connection make possible everything in IOT. The process  element leverages the connection between data thing and people to deliver the right  information. To right thing or person, at the right time, it is these billions of connection that add value. Distribution Transformers have a long life if they are operated under appraised  conditions. 

However, their life is essentially decreased if they are overloaded, resulting in  unexpected failures and loss of supply to an expansive number of customers hence affecting  system unwavering quality. Overloading and ineffective cooling of transformers are the  major significant reasons for failure in distribution transformers. Most power companies use  Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system for web-based monitoring of power  transformers yet amplifying the system for online monitoring of distribution transformers is  an a costly suggestion. 

Benefits of the Project

Normal transformer measurement system generally detects a single transformer  parameter, for example, control, current, voltage, and stage. While some ways could  recognize multi-parameter, the time of acquisition and operation parameters is too  long, and testing pace is not sufficiently quick. 

? A monitoring system can only monitor the operation state or guard against steal the  power, and is not able to monitor all useful data of distribution transformers to reduce  costs 

? Auspicious detection data will not be sent to observing centers in time, which cannot  judge distribution transformers three phase equilibrium.

? Detection system itself is not reliable. The main principle execution is the device itself  instability, poor anti jamming capability, low measurement accuracy of the data.  According to the above requirements, we need a distribution transformer real-time monitoring system to detect all operating parameters operation, and send to the monitoring  center in time. It leads to Online monitoring of key operational parameters of distribution  transformers can provide useful information about the health of transformers which will help  the utilities to optimally use their transformers and keep the asset in operation for a longer  period. This will also help identify problems before any catastrophic failure which can result in a significant cost savings and greater reliability.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

In our project, an IOT based transformer monitoring system for power transformer was designed,  implemented and tested. The development and implementation of real-time monitoring and  control  systems  for  transformer protection and recording have been presented. The system is designed to protect the distribution transformer from overloading, overheating, and other abnormalities. An IOT system is employed to monitor and control the operational parameters of the transformer.  The IOT system is located close to the transformer base, and the above parameters are sensed and then transmitted to the centralized  web server. Thus, the data is utilized to know the transformer condition on  a  real-time  basis  and  are  stored  within  a  server-based database  for  future  analysis  and  immediate  protective precautions.

Final Deliverable of the Project

Hardware System

Core Industry

Telecommunication

Other Industries

Core Technology

Others

Other Technologies

Sustainable Development Goals

Required Resources

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