IOT based Realtime Smart Health Assistant

Project Title

IOT based Realtime Smart Health Assistant

Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject Summary

Internet of things (IoT), the capability of connecting to the internet in digital devices and most electrical and electronic objects, enables devices to transmit important data and communicate with others over the Internet. IoT devices perform the operations and services that improve the efficiency of work by providing automation and control. Another enriched idea realized to help IoT flourish is a shared database, which refers to the availability of data centers to many users over the Internet and provides computer resources such as storage and computing power on user’s demand.

Healthcare is becoming increasingly difficult to manage due to the constantly increasing world population and increasing chronic illness. For real-time monitoring of patients' health conditions, the industry is working on moving towards a proactive approach from the current reactive approach towards health issues. The accuracy of diagnosing and monitoring a patient’s health condition relies on the analysis of medical records containing numerous physiological characteristics over a long time period. Processing the data of such vast dimensions in both time and quantity makes data processing and analysis tasks quite hectic and error-prone for doctors.

Integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Shared database provides a complete solution for this problem. Internet of Things (IoT) technology has engaged considerable attention in the near past for its potential to alleviate the burden on healthcare systems caused by an aging population and a rise in chronic diseases. From the collection of applications that are set up by the Internet of Things (IoT), smart and connected health care is a particularly important one. Networked sensors embedded in our living environments or worn on the body make information gathering possible. The gathering of such rich and useful information can be indicative of both mental and physical health.

The main focus of this project is the utilization of the IoT paradigm for betterment in the healthcare sector. In this project, we will make such a system by using state-of-the-art technologies for data transmission, analytics, and visualization. The three sub-systems in this system are IoT-module, Shared database, and Dashboard(s). The IoT module gathers the information on a patient's health and sends it to the shared database using an API call, which is stored in the shared database, and three Android Applications-based-Dashboards (for care-taker, Administrative, and physicians) that will provide patients’ health records and alerts in case of threatening changes in patients’ health parameters.

Project Objectives

There are three sub-systems in this system IoT-module, Shared database, and Dashboard(s). The IoT module gathers the information on a patient's health and sends it to the database using an API call, which will provide storage to store the patients’ data and three Android Application-based-dashboards (for care-taker, Administrative, and physicians) that provide patients’ health records and alerts in case of threat changes in patients’ health parameters.

Our project has the following objectives:

• A shift from the currently used reactive approach towards health care to a more proactive and real-time approach in terms of early detection of conditions.
• Avoidance and prevention of health issues to provide long-term wellness and health management.
• Monitoring of non-critical patients at home and reducing the load on hospital resources such as doctors, beds, and more resources.
• Providing better health care to those people who live in rural areas or to the elderly people to live freely at home while being monitored.
•  Patient health can be monitored anywhere at any time using the Android application.

Project Implementation Method

In this project, we will build a system by using state-of-the-art technologies for data transmission, analytics, and visualization.  The three sub-systems in this system are IoT-module, Shared database, and Dashboard(s).

The IoT module gathers the information on patient’s health and sends it to the database using an API call, which will provide storage and real-time monitoring of patient's data, and two Android Application-based-dashboards (for care-taker and physicians) that provide patients’ health records and alerts in case of threatening changes in patients’ health parameters.

• IoT Module

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of objects that are interconnected and can be accessed through the internet. The IoT Module in this project collects data by using Raspberry pi 4 with the help of wearable sensors like temperature sensors, heart rate measurement sensors, and ECG sensor kits and sends it to the database using an API call. Every board has a unique identifier.

• Microprocessor and Sensor

In this project, Raspberry pi 4 will be used as a Microprocessor. Body Temperature and heart-rate measurement, ECG signals, and humidity sensors are used to gather data from patients.

 Microprocessor

The Raspberry Pi 4 is the first of the fourth generation of Raspberry Pi computers. The latest model brings with it a more powerful Broadcom BCM2711B0 quad-core ARM processor and the 4K-capable Broadcom Video Core VI video processor, along with the move to faster USB 3.0 ports and USB Type-C for power.

Sensors

1. MAX 30100 (Heart rate sensor)
2. DS18B20 (Temperature sensor)
3. AD8232 (ECG sensor kit)     
4. DHT11 (Room temperature and humidity sensor)

MAX30100 is known as a pulse-oximeter and heart-rate sensor. It is quite suitable for wearable health monitoring systems or devices. It detects pulse-oximetry and BPM with a combination of two LEDs one is red and the other is infra-red.

DS18B20 is a temperature sensor. It is quite accurate and needs no external components to make it work. It can measure temperature readings from -55°C to +125°C with the accuracy of up to ±0.5°C.

AD8232 is a neat little chip used to measure the electrical activity of the heart. It is a cost-effective board used to measure the electrical activity of the heart.. it is designed to extract, amplify, and filter small biopotential signals in the presence of noisy conditions, such as those created by motion or remote electrode placement.

DHT11is a low-cost digital sensor for sensing temperature and humidity.  This sensor can be easily interfaced with any microcontroller such as Arduino, or Raspberry Pi, to measure humidity and temperature instantaneously. DHT11 sensor consists of a capacitive humidity sensing element and a thermistor for sensing temperature. 

• Database

We will use firebase as a shared database, as it is free and provides plenty of space to store data to its users. Another benefit is Firebase is extremely fast and easy to access.

Benefits of the Project

The benefits of our project are the following:

• Simultaneous reporting and monitoring         Real-time health monitoring of a critical patient via connected devices can save lives in event of a medical emergency like high temperature, unstable heartbeat, etc

• Data assortment and analysis                        IoT devices can collect, report, and analyses real-time information and cut the need to store the raw data.

• Tracking and sending alerts                           An on-time alert is critical in chronic conditions. IoT devices gather vital signs of any disease and transfer that data to doctors for time tracking while dropping notifications to guardians of the patient about critical parts via mobile application.

• Cost of Care reduction for payers and providers                                                Remote patient monitoring has demonstrated a significant impact in reducing potentially avoidable ED utilization as well as a reduction in unnecessary hospital admissions and readmission.

•  Improves access to care                                  Remote patient monitoring bridges the barrier of access by providing care to patients where they are, when they need it. It can be used to reach patients in rural areas, and connect patients to doctors who they otherwise would not have access. 

•  Prevents the spread of infectious diseases and Hospital-Acquired Infections

  Another advantage of remote patient monitoring is in preventing infectious diseases. With RPM, patients do not have to visit the hospital or clinic where they are vulnerable to contracting an infection. Avoiding an in-person visit eliminates the risk of unnecessary exposure

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Our final deliverable will be a hardware and software-based integrated system.

Our final deliverable will have two parts, the Hardware part which is the integrated IoT devices and sensors, and the Software which is an Android application for mobile phones.

Integrated IoT devices and sensors will be assigned to the patient by a physician and applications will be installed by the guardian of the patient to monitor the patient time by time.

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry ITOther Industries Education , Medical , Health Core Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other Technologies Artificial Intelligence(AI), OthersSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for People, Life on Land, Peace and Justice Strong InstitutionsRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	59850
Raspberry pi 4	Equipment	2	25500	51000
MAX30100	Equipment	3	400	1200
DS18B20	Equipment	3	300	900
AD8232	Equipment	3	2000	6000
DHT11	Equipment	3	250	750