IOT based monitoring and controlling of 3 phase distribution transformer
This project presents a new IOT (Internet of Things) framework for condition monitoring and controlling of larger number of distribution transformers as they are one of the influential and important equipment in the power distribution network. IOT may help to replace the equipment before failure and
2025-06-28 16:33:36 - Adil Khan
IOT based monitoring and controlling of 3 phase distribution transformer
Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject SummaryThis project presents a new IOT (Internet of Things) framework for condition monitoring and controlling of larger number of distribution transformers as they are one of the influential and important equipment in the power distribution network. IOT may help to replace the equipment before failure and continuity of the power will not be disturbed. In this system we can monitor all parameter such as (voltage, current and temperature etc) continuously at the same time. If any parameter of distribution transformer exceeds the predefined level the Microcontroller trip the contactors and alerts will be received on the developed web application showing the particular transformers location to take necessary action. We also add another transformer as a backup purpose to transfer load by using relay without interruption of power supply. The huge numbers of transformers are distributed over a large area. In case of manual monitoring system it is not potential to monitor temperature rise voltage and current. After getting the message of any deviation it can easily take action immediately to check any breakdown of distribution transformers. Due to IOT we easily find the faults in the transformer. We can get information about temperature rise, under and over voltages and current values automatically.
Project ObjectivesDistribution transformer is the main component of electricity distribution system. The distribution transformer distributes electrical energy to low voltage users directly. This project presents the monitoring system of distribution transformer which is used to monitor and regulate the different parameters that directly affect the transformer. Our aim is to develop an IOT based monitoring system for the multiple distribution transformers of an area, so that life chances of distribution transformer can increase with regular maintenance which could reduce the investment on transformers. Different sensors are used for monitoring current, voltages and temperature. According to analysis of these sensors microcontroller take actions to maintain constant operating condition of transformer. Proposed system is low cost and it is easy to use capable of monitoring and displaying data and life of transformer units depends on monitoring of functional parameters. An overview of aim is given as in figure below.
Project Implementation MethodThe main objective of the proposed project is to acquire real time data of transformer remotely over the internet falling under the category of IOT. For this real time aspect we take temperature sensor, potential transformer (PT), current transformer (CT), fire detector sensor, relays and ultrasonic sensor for monitoring temperature, voltage and current data of the transformer and then send them to a remote location. These three analogue values are connected to a programmable microcontroller (UNO). Then the values of all the sensors are sent directly to a Wi-Fi module that display data in real time chart form in any web connected PC for display in different charts. The real time data is also seen at the sending end LCD display interfaced with the microcontroller. For the methodology we break down our projects into two phases. In first phase our objectives are simulation, Avr coding, Transformer designing and testing of phase voltages. In second phase our objectives are monitoring of all parameters, load shifting, implementation of load and web application.
Benefits of the ProjectThe following advantages of this research are given below:
(1). It is easy to monitor and control the transformer parameter.
(2). It reduces time and save money.
(3). It reduces the work of labor and chances of fault occurrence.
(4). Maintain constant operating condition of transformer.
(5). High efficiency and accuracy.
(6). We can monitor the system on real time.
(7). This system increases the lifetime of transformer.
(8). Simplifying the troubleshooting in the distribution network.
(9). The proposed system provide the costumers proper service.
(10). Timely alerts to rectify the abnormality if any.
Technical Details of Final DeliverableAn IOT Based Transformer Monitoring System For Power Transformer Has Been Designed, Implemented And Tested. It Is Quite Useful As Compared To Manual Monitoring And Also It Is Reliable As It Is Not Possible To Monitor The Oil Level,Oil Temperature Rise,Ambient Temperature Rise,Load Current Manually Always.An Android Application That Is Linked With The Arduino With The Help Of Wifi Can Be Installed to this System To Timely Receive And Store Transformer Parameters Information About All The Power Transformers And Prepare A Database. After Receiving Message On Any Abnormality We Can Take Immediate Action To Prevent Any Catastrophic Failures Of Power Transformers. We Need Not Have To Check All Power Transformers And Corresponding Phase Currents And Voltages And Thus We Can Recover The System In Less Time And Faults Before Any Uncertain Failures Thus Resulting In Significant Cost Saving As Well As Improving System Reliability.
Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry Energy Other IndustriesCore Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Affordable and Clean EnergyRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 50050 | |||
| Single phase transformer (500 watt) | Equipment | 6 | 5000 | 30000 |
| Arduino uno | Equipment | 1 | 800 | 800 |
| Fire Detector sensor | Equipment | 1 | 500 | 500 |
| Temperature sensor | Equipment | 1 | 600 | 600 |
| LCD | Equipment | 1 | 700 | 700 |
| Node mcu chip | Equipment | 1 | 1000 | 1000 |
| Current transformer | Equipment | 3 | 450 | 1350 |
| Potential transformer | Equipment | 3 | 400 | 1200 |
| Relay | Equipment | 2 | 300 | 600 |
| 100 watt bulb | Equipment | 12 | 200 | 2400 |
| Bulb holder | Equipment | 12 | 150 | 1800 |
| PCB board | Miscellaneous | 1 | 500 | 500 |
| Wooden frame with coating paper | Miscellaneous | 1 | 6000 | 6000 |
| Jumping wires bundle | Equipment | 1 | 300 | 300 |
| Acrylic sheet | Miscellaneous | 1 | 1500 | 1500 |
| Potentiometer | Equipment | 3 | 100 | 300 |
| Other components | Equipment | 1 | 500 | 500 |