IoT Based Intelligent Load Management System - An Application of Smart Grid

Project Title

IoT Based Intelligent Load Management System - An Application of Smart Grid

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

The proposed architecture is designed for load management at the distribution side by using the Internet of Things. Due to overload on a distribution transformer, the efficiency of the grid drops. It implies there would be a chance of blistering and burning of windings. The accuracy, interfacing to the controller, and response time of voltage and current sensors are challenges in implementing the project. The proposed architecture comprises distribution transformers, sensor unit, controller unit, Wi-Fi communication unit, and an actuator unit. The sensor unit feeds the measured voltage across the load and current drawn from the load connected with a transformer to the controller unit. The reference value of apparent power (in VA) for the large transformers and current rating (in Ampere) for the small transformer is preset on the controller unit through coding. The controller continuously matches the preset value with the measurement taken through the sensors. The controller unit takes decisions according to predefined situations and displays results on the web-server page. This architecture brings innovation to the relevant architectures made earlier by using the Internet of Things.

Project Objectives

1. Load management and monitoring at distribution side
2. Load sharing between distribution transformers
3. Protection of distribution transformer
4. IoT oriented monitoring of load connected to transformer
5. Smart Energy Metering
6. Development of Graphical User Interface
7. Development of a data base for load connection monitoring at one second refresh rate.
8. Real-Time data access to user at any time and anywhere through IP address.

Project Implementation Method

The block diagram of the proposed architecture is:

The wiring diagram of proposed architecture is:

Benefits of the Project

The proposed architecture ensures the following benefit to the society.

1. The proposed architecture ensures protection of distribution transformer.
2. It also ensures the safety of grid environment.
3. The proposed architecture will reduce the chance of complete burn out of transformer, thus it is an economical approach.
4. Net energy metering for end user is free of cost.
5. It guarantees the satisfaction of electrical utility companies as well as consumers.
6. It will reduces the chance of overbilling or overcharging on electricity by employing net metering system.

The following UN's Sustainable Development Goals are achieved:

1. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all.

2. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation.

3. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry Energy Other Industries IT Core Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Decent Work and Economic Growth, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Sustainable Cities and CommunitiesRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	28810
Arduino Uno	Equipment	1	450	450
USB a	Equipment	1	250	250
ESP8266 (nodeMCU)	Equipment	2	850	1700
ZMPT101B	Equipment	2	450	900
ACS712_30A	Equipment	5	250	1250
8 Channel Relay Module	Equipment	2	550	1100
Digital Multimeter	Equipment	1	610	610
ZMPT101B	Equipment	3	250	750
ZHT118F	Equipment	1	250	250
Capacitor 10uF	Equipment	4	5	20
Screwdriver set	Equipment	1	200	200
Male-Female Wire	Equipment	1	80	80
Male-Male Wire	Equipment	1	80	80
Female-Female Wire	Equipment	1	80	80
Transformer_10A 1:1	Equipment	4	1150	4600
Data cable	Equipment	1	250	250
Arduino Mega	Equipment	1	1300	1300
Philips_24W Bulb	Equipment	8	750	6000
(Fare)University Tour during COVID-19 Lockdown for LAB	Miscellaneous	2	1500	3000
Thesis Binding	Miscellaneous	1	3000	3000
Bulb Holders	Equipment	8	50	400
Connectors	Equipment	8	20	160
Electric Extension	Equipment	1	500	500
Electric Plug	Equipment	8	20	160
AC copper wire 3/29 (5m)	Equipment	1	500	500
Isolation Tape	Equipment	2	30	60
Wire Cutter	Equipment	1	250	250
Soldering Iron	Equipment	1	320	320
PCB Board with solution	Equipment	1	590	590