IOT Based Garbage Segregation and Disposal Unit

Project Title

IOT Based Garbage Segregation and Disposal Unit

Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject Summary

The main concept behind the IoT-based Trash Disposal Robot using the Arduino project is garbage detection and collection. Ultrasonic Sensor is used in Object Avoiding Robot, whereupon detecting an object, the Robot will change its course of direction towards the object and will detect whether the object is garbage or not using real-time object detection algorithm You Only Looked Once version4(YOLO V4).  It will have two modes: autonomous and manual. For the manual mode, there will be a blynk application for controlling the bot using the blynk platform. Blynk is an app platform that includes apps for Android and iOS that allows you to control Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and similar devices over the Internet. This is a virtual dashboard in which you can drag and drop widgets to build a graphic interface for your project, and for Autonomous mode, it will detect, collect and segregate the garbage on its own. The software requirements for this project are Arduino IDE, Blynk app development, Python Programming Language, Arduino programming language, and Raspbian Operating System. The Arduino Integrated Development Environment is a cross-platform application that is used to upload programs into Arduino Compatible boards, Python programming language will be used to train and integrate real-time object detection algorithms using YOLO V4 technology, and the Raspbian operating system is used to operate raspberry pi.

Project Objectives

In its name, IOT based Trash Disposal Robot represents its ability to work smartly. The servo motor allows it to collect the garbage automatically when garbage is placed in front of it. Consequently, some sensor work and cameras are involved in detecting the object in front of the Bot.

The main objective of this project is to:

• Design and develop a bot that can automatically detect and collect trash. It also can detect the level of trash inside the dustbin as a percentage value.

• Become familiar with the Arduino and its sensors and how to make use of them.

• To train and deploy an object detection model using the YOLO version 4 on Raspberry pi 4.

• Developing a Mobile Application in order to control and send commands to a robot.

• The garbage collector algorithm should be analyzed and set up according to the physical distance to produce the best result

• Implementation and Testing.

Project Implementation Method

IOT-based Trash Disposal Robot has an IoT interface with the autonomous and manual modes of control. The trash is picked up using a robotic arm. The picked-up trash is segregated (metallic and nonmetallic) and dumped into a bin attached to the robot which has separate partitions for metallic and nonmetallic trashes. If the trash bin gets filled it is notified to the person operating the robot as a message in the IoT interface. The entire operation of the waste collection can be viewed by the operator through the internet using a mobile camera attached to the robot.

The robot is operated using an android mobile phone and a laptop.

It has 2 operating modes

1.     Manual mode
2.    Autonomous mode

 

In manual mode, the robot locomotion and trash pickup are operated using an android phone

through the Blynk app. The robot can be controlled from anywhere in the world by the use of the internet(IoT). For the vision of the robot an android phone is placed in the robot and live streaming is made possible using an IP webcam android app. The trash is picked up using a robotic arm made using 3 servos.

The collected trash is transferred to a trash bin attached to the robot platform. The trash bin has separate partitions for metallic and nonmetallic trash. Another Servo motor is attached to the trash, a bin will rotate the bin so that the collected waste will fall into the corresponding partition of the bin.

In autonomous mode, the robot locomotion and waste pickup are done without human intervention. The robot is placed at the center of the workspace. Then it follows a coverage path planning algorithm/random path planning algorithm. The trash detection is made possible using 8 ultrasonic sensors placed in 2 rows (2 in one row). The sensing range is limited to about 30cm to avoid crosstalk. Using this ultrasonic sensor configuration the robot will be able to distinguish between big objects(walls) and objects that it may be able to pick. Big objects are considered obstacles by the robot and are avoided. Other objects are considered trash and are picked up by the robotic arm.

Metal detectors placed in the arm check the trash picked to be metallic or nonmetallic and dump its corresponding partition in the trash bin.

An ultrasonic sensor placed in the trash bin monitors the level of the waste in the bin. If the bin is full it is notified to the operator.

The ECU of the Robot is controlled mainly by a RaspberryPi 4B+ (hereon referred to as Rpi), with an Arduino MEGA aiding its functionalities. 

• The Rpi is connected to the ultrasonic sensor(10 in number, 2 in each row, and 2 at the Container), L293D motor driver modules (4 in Number), PiCam, and the Arduino.

• The motor driver modules are each connected to 4 DC motors, which drive the wheels 

• The Arduino MEGA is connected to 10 servo motors(1800) which control the movement of the tray.

• The Arduino MEGA is also connected with 8 Servo motors(3600) for the rotation of the bot as well as for the rotation of the Garbage container.

Benefits of the Project

A growing number of cities around the globe are testing smart waste management solutions to create higher efficiency in terms of resources and costs associated with keeping their cities clean.

IOT-based Trash Disposal Robot is a very good project from the Arduino board. It works likewise for smart things. We can say that it is a decent gadget to make your home clean and attractive. Due to practically all offspring of home consistently making it grimy and spread trash to a great extent by paper, rappers, and numerous different things

• Fewer collection visits reduce congestion and traffic interruption, resulting also in cleaner and safer streets.

• Traffic reduction due to fewer collection visits helps reduce carbon dioxide and other emissions.

• The “IOT-based Trash Disposal Robot” is standardized so that it can be emptied with existing equipment.

• It is a cost-effective bot with high-performance accuracy.

From a citizen’s perspective, the social benefits of the “IOT-based Trash Disposal Robot” – besides their economic and environmental advantages – are interesting. They help to:

• raise public awareness of utilizing renewable energy

• improve street sanitation

• encourage recycling

• collect and analyze area-specific data on waste volumes for better planning

• increase Wi-Fi coverage with their function as a free public Wi-Fi hotspot

The IOT-based Trash Disposal Robot is another piece of the environmental and economic puzzle to reduce pollution and waste removal costs. It benefits all stakeholders in waste management, in addition to helping promote cleaner communities.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The following is a diagram that shows how the system flow of the project corresponds to the processes required for the IoT-based Trash Disposal Robot's successful construction

1. The bot will start
2. It will look to see if any obstacles have been identified as garbage
3. When the object is detected, the camera will be activated
4. Captured images are sent to the server for further processing after being captured by the Camera
5. Additionally, the image will be processed to determine whether it contains garbage or not
6. On the basis of that, the output image will be sent back to the bot 
7. Then the bot makes a decision analysis of whether it is garbage or not
8. If it is the garbage, the hands(robotic arms) will pick up the trash 
9. Lastly, after the segregation process, the garbage will be disposed of in the container/bin of its own or the nearby
10. If the garbage is not detected then the flow goes back to the second step which is to check for garbage nearby.

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry ITOther IndustriesCore Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for People, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Climate ActionRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	79075
TOWERPRO SG90 SG 90 180 DEGREE SERVO MOTOR	Equipment	10	290	2900
HW 677 LM2596HV ADJUSTABLE STEP DOWN DC TO DC BUCK CONVERTER MODULE	Equipment	2	200	400
4WD SMART ROBOT CAR CHASSIS KIT FOR ARDUINO	Equipment	1	1250	1250
5A DUAL MOTOR DRIVE MODULE REVERSE PWM SPEED REGULATION DOUBLE H BRIDG	Equipment	4	425	1700
ADJUSTABLE DC TO DC STEP DOWN 5A BUCK CONVERTER WITH HEATSINK XL4015	Equipment	1	250	250
ARDUINO MEGA 2560 R3 IN PAKISTAN	Equipment	1	3000	3000
TowerPro MG995 - Servo Motor (360 Degree)	Equipment	8	720	5760
NodeMCU Amica V2 ESP8266 WiFi Module	Equipment	1	550	550
L298N H-Bridge Motor Driver Module	Equipment	2	450	900
HC-05 Bluetooth Module for Arduino	Equipment	1	660	660
5V to 3.3V DC-DC Step down Converter Module Board AMS1117 3V3	Equipment	2	100	200
XL4015 5A DC-DC Voltage Step Down Buck Converter 4-38v input	Equipment	1	230	230
PL2303 USB to Serial UART (TTL) Converter Module And Adapter	Equipment	1	140	140
FT232RL 3.3V 5.5V FTDI USB to TTL Serial Adapter Module for Arduino Mi	Equipment	1	350	350
SR-04 Ultrasonic Sensor Module	Equipment	12	150	1800
Raspberry Pi 4 Model B 4GB RAM	Equipment	1	30000	30000
Night Vision 5MP Camera Module for Raspberry Pi	Equipment	2	3500	7000
Raspberry pi 4 Case and Fan	Equipment	1	750	750
Pi HDMI Cable	Equipment	3	350	1050
HDMI TO VGA PORT	Equipment	3	500	1500
VGA CABLE	Equipment	3	150	450
Mini Connecter	Equipment	2	300	600
SanDisk Extreme Pro 128GB MicroSDXC 170Mb/S Memory Card	Equipment	1	7000	7000
65pcs Jump Wire Male to Male	Equipment	85	3	255
30cm Hole To Hole Dupont Line 40 Pin Jumper Wire 12 Inch	Equipment	80	3	240
BreadBoard	Equipment	2	170	340
Double A Copier/Printing Paper 80G A4 Ream of 500 Sheets	Miscellaneous	1	1200	1200
Printing	Miscellaneous	350	10	3500
Thesis Binding	Miscellaneous	1	3000	3000
Thesis Boards and Posters	Miscellaneous	1	2100	2100