IOT Based Fault Detection and Protection of Power Transformer
A recent huge interest in Machine to Machine communication is known as the Internet of Things (IOT), to allow the possibility for autonomous devices to use Internet for exchanging the data. This work presents design and execution of real time monitoring and fault detection of transformer and record
2025-06-28 16:33:25 - Adil Khan
IOT Based Fault Detection and Protection of Power Transformer
Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject SummaryA recent huge interest in Machine to Machine communication is known as the Internet of Things (IOT), to allow the possibility for autonomous devices to use Internet for exchanging the data. This work presents design and execution of real time monitoring and fault detection of transformer and record key operation indictors of a dispersion transformer like load current, voltage, transformer oil and encompassing temperatures and humidity. They have to look at it continuously by using this project it can minimize working efforts and improve accuracy, stability, efficiency in this project, sensors are used to sense the main parameters of equipment such as voltage, current(over voltage, undervoltage, over current) this sensed data is sent to microcontroller and this controller checks parameter limitswhich further send to the IOT web server Adafruit software using Wi-Fi module of these data makes sure the right information is in hand to the operator and operator can make useful decisions before any catastrophic failure on basis of that data of parameters.
Project ObjectivesAim and Objectives: ???????
- Real time monitoring of Transformer.
- Fast Response time.
- Reduce Cost.
- Protection of transformer.
- Reduce physical damage of transformer.
- Improve reliability of power system.
- Make system free from human interaction by making it automated.
IOT, the internet of things, is basically interconnect the computing device through the Application program interference (API). API interpret and send data to the main server. In this project, the Arduino is used for monitoring the faults and consequently based on the monitoring, the corresponding signal is generated to trip the circuit breaker this shows that the Arduino is the brain of given scheme. The given scheme is designed for monitoring and controlling of real time parameters and display the value of primary and secondary voltage and current and also the temperature of transformer. Voltage is sensed by the Arduino from PT which is connected with bus bar and current from CT which is connected to measure the line currents. Temperature Sensor is used to measure the temperature of transformer. Relays are used to perform the tripping operation. Voltage and currents are measured using analog to digital converter of Arduino. Analog to digital converter converts the value of analog current, voltage and temperature value to digital value. Then according to the code, value is compared with the present values in the Arduino if excess in any parameter occur a relay will trip. And the resulting fault signal will be interpreted in the form of message by API and then it will be send to server. The WEB API which has HTTp protocol, will be used to retrieve the information and The value of voltage, current and temperature are displayed on the LCD.
Benefits of the ProjectThis project proposed an advanced controlled scheme for detection and protection of Power Transformer from different faults and harmful conditions such as overloading, high voltage sinks, differential protection and also for overheating of transformer winding and oil.
Power transformer is the key component of power system for electrical energy transformation.
The proposed protection scheme works properly with great accuracy and in a fraction of seconds which improve the sensitivity and reliably of power system. This protection scheme is fully automated and requires no manual interface.
Our main objective in this project is to apply differential protection in which current on both sides of power transformer is compared here is the further detail of differential protection
DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION: Differential protection is the primary protection of Transformer in which we the value of primary and secondary current are teken by CTs and the difference of both of these current and compare it with the pickup value which is set in the differential relay, if the difference is equal or more than the pickup value the trip signal is given to the breakers to trip the circuit. For Simulation MATLAB Simulink is used and Prototype is develope to show all the protection schemes as well as Monitoring via IOT.
The proposed protection scheme works properly with great accuracy and in a fraction of seconds which improves the sensitivity and reliably of power system This protection scheme is fully automated and requires no manual interface.
Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry Energy Other IndustriesCore Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Decent Work and Economic Growth, Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 75000 | |||
| Transformers | Equipment | 3 | 3500 | 10500 |
| Protection Relays | Equipment | 6 | 2200 | 13200 |
| ESP 8266 WIFI module | Equipment | 2 | 500 | 1000 |
| Transient surge protector | Equipment | 3 | 900 | 2700 |
| Current Sensor | Equipment | 4 | 3000 | 12000 |
| LED | Equipment | 2 | 1500 | 3000 |
| ICs | Equipment | 6 | 2000 | 12000 |
| Sensors | Equipment | 3 | 1800 | 5400 |
| PCB | Equipment | 2 | 2600 | 5200 |
| Stationary, Printing etc | Miscellaneous | 1 | 10000 | 10000 |