IOT Based Energy Meter Bill Prediction And Load Control Using GSM And Microcontroller

Project Title

IOT Based Energy Meter Bill Prediction And Load Control Using GSM And Microcontroller

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

An energy meter is a device that measures the electricity consumed by homes, industries, or an electrically powered device. From the original bulky meters with heavy magnets and coils, there have been many innovations in the energy meter to improve the features, specifications, resolution, and accuracy of the meter.

The digital meter was a great achievement that has the ability to measure the electrical parameters digitally like Voltmeters & Ammeters, also the digital meter has benefits like ease of reading, better resolution, and rugged construction. But there are many things we must have to improve that are manual billing system, late billing, aware the consumer for saving the energy and Load shedding.

In the current situation, all customers are using manual communication In order to overcome human errors in manual reading we need an automated system which monitors all the functioning and parameters of the consumer.

To improve the above parameters there is the need for a fully automated system that can be monitor and control remotely. The development of an IOT based Energy Meter which is having capabilities like remote monitoring and controlling of energy meter will lead to transparency in the energy meter reading and billing system. Energy meters can be integrated with embedded micro-controllers like GSM network which transmit the data to users mobile. This can be used for monitoring, billing, and controlling the load. The electricity consumption meter facilitates the billing of the energy meter and using wireless GSM technology we can control the load.

By connecting the GSM with the microcontroller we can store the data and send the data anywhere, so we will send the consumer bill via SMS that can be done easily by program the microcontroller and consumer will receive his bill within a few minutes,  and he can control his home appliance remotely by sending a single SMS to the GSM via his mobile phone.

Project Objectives

The development of an IOT based Energy Meter which can be able to monitor and control remotely, which can represent real-time power consumption to let users know the electricity bill and control home appliances.  The SMS-based method generates a message to the consumer on a daily or weekly basis consumption of electricity, according to the consumer’s needs.

Here he has two main objectives

1. To Develop a System that will generate the bill and send it to the consumer’s mobile phone via SMS with a due date which will notify the consumer timely for the payment of the bill.
2. Developing a system that can control the load connected to the meter, will help the consumer to turn on or of the home appliance via single SMS if he is not available at home, it can be a leading parameter to save energy.

Project Implementation Method

Now currently, we are using an Electronic Energy Meter which is based on Digital Micro Technology (DMT) and it does not have any moving parts. So the EEM is known as “Static Energy Meter”. In this Electronic Energy Meter, the accurate functioning is controlled by a specially designed IC called ASIC (Application Specified Integrated Circuit). In addition to ASIC, analog circuits, Voltage transformer, Current transformer, current sensor, voltage sensor, etc are already present in this energy meter to “Sample” current and voltage. The ‘Input Data’ (Voltage) is compared with a programmed “Reference Data’ (Voltage) and finally a ‘Voltage Rate’ will be given to the output. This output is then converted into ‘Digital Data’ by the AD Converters (Analogue- Digital converter) present in the ASIC.The Digital Data is then converted into an “Average Value”. Average Value / Mean Value is the measuring unit of power. The output of ASIC is available as “Pulses” indicated by the LED (Light Emitting Diode) placed on the front panel of EEM. These pulses are equal to the Average Kilo Watt Hour (kWh / unit). Different ASIC with various kWh are used in different makes of EEMs. But usually, 800 to 3600 pulses / kWh generating ASIC s are used in EEMs. The output pulses are indicated through the LED,

So we will use this LED as a transmitter and place a receiver in our circuit, which will receive data from this data we can calculate the electricity units consumed by a consumer,  A counter is employed which counts the number of pulses given by the energy meter’s microcontroller. The energy meter and microcontroller are interfaced and pulse information is shared. Here we will use an external microcontroller that is ARM STM32F103C8T6  family which keeps on counting the incoming pulses and maintains the count in its memory.

When the number of pulses equals 3200, one unit of power is consumed, and then it is multiplied by the standard tariff and displayed on the LCD. This power consumed and the corresponding amount is then transmitted to the GSM module using serial communication. Along with these details, projected numbers of units are also displayed on LCD and sent to the consumer’s Mobile Phone via SMS. Also, the option of switching off any electrical appliance if it exceeds a particular energy consumption level is possible through sending an SMS to GSM via Mobile phone. Here we will use some home appliances in our project that will consume the electricity units, these appliances can be controlled remotely by programming the microcontroller to turn ON/OFF relay which will be connected before the appliance as a switch.

Benefits of the Project

1. Less manpower
2. Bill sending directly to the consumer with the due date.
3. Minimize the power consumption.
4. To reduce wastage of energy.
5. Controlling the load remotely 
6. Real-time bill monitoring
7. Time reduced receiving the bill.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Microcontroller

A microcontroller is an integrated circuit (IC) device used for controlling other portions of an electronic system, usually via a microprocessor unit (MPU), memory, and some peripherals.  Here we are using a microcontroller to perform the following tasks.

1. To store the data comes from the Energy meter and make a bill in the form of units which will send to the consumer’s cell phone. 
2. To Turn ON/ OFF the relays as consumer’s needs, it will be easily done by program the microcontroller to make pin “HIGH” and “LOW”.

GSM 

GSM is a global system for mobile communication modem,  It is a widely used mobile communication system in the world. GSM is an open and digital cellular technology used for transmitting mobile voice and data services operate at the 850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz, and 1900MHz frequency bands.  Here we are using the GSM by placing a SIM in it we will able to make communications between energy meter and consumer.  The GSM is connected to the microcontroller for sending the generated bill to the consumer via SMS and receive an SMS from the consumers to connect or disconnect (turn ON/OFF) the loads. The GSM module is operated by AT commands. These commands are basically the instructions that are used for controlling and communicating with the GSM modem.

AT + CMGS for SMS sending

AT + CMSS for sending SMS from storage

AT + CMGL for listing all the SMS

AT + CMGR for reading SMS

LCD

LCD stands for liquid crystal display, it is mostly used in different electronic projects and devices to display the data, the liquid crystal display are normally used in different embedded projects due to their low cost, easy access, and flexibility to get programmed. Here, we are using it to display the real-time consumptions of the electrical units and to show which load is connected and not connected currently.

Relays

A relay is an electrically operated switch. They commonly use an electromagnet (coil) to operate their internal mechanical switching mechanism (contacts). When a relay contact is open, this will switch power ON for a circuit when the coil is activated. Relays allow a low current circuit to control one or higher current circuits. It can be controlled by a microcontroller easily through a single command, so we are here using it to connect or disconnect the loads.

Finally, the consumer will get extra circuitry along with his energy meter consumer will connect his home appliance to control those appliances first he must register his SIM with GSM By sending an SMS, after that he will be able to control his home appliance and get the SMS of the bill on mobile.

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Finance Core Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other Technologies OthersSustainable Development Goals Affordable and Clean Energy, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Responsible Consumption and ProductionRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	11410
1. Electronic Energy meter	Equipment	1	4500	4500
2. ARM Microcontroller STM32F103C8T6	Equipment	1	500	500
3. GSM SIM900 Module	Equipment	1	3500	3500
4. LCD 16x2	Equipment	1	350	350
5. 4 channel Relay module	Equipment	2	250	500
6. Standard Bulb - 100 Watt	Equipment	6	100	600
7. RS 232 Serial Communication cable	Equipment	1	350	350
8. USB cable	Equipment	1	80	80
9. Male to male connectors	Equipment	1	90	90
10. Male to female connectors	Equipment	1	90	90
11. DC Supply 12V Adapter	Equipment	1	250	250
12. bulb holder b22	Equipment	6	100	600