Hybrid Electric System with an IoT based Smart Energy
Energy crisis is one of the main issues faced by the world today. These crises can be overcome by increasing the share of renewable energy resources and reducing energy wastage, i.e., properly managing the energy resources and increasing its efficiency and power quality. However, in Pakistan there i
2025-06-28 16:27:44 - Adil Khan
Hybrid Electric System with an IoT based Smart Energy
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummaryEnergy crisis is one of the main issues faced by the world today. These crises can be overcome by increasing the share of renewable energy resources and reducing energy wastage, i.e., properly managing the energy resources and increasing its efficiency and power quality. However, in Pakistan there is a unidirectional flow of current from the national grid to the consumer household. . In addition, human effort is involved in taking meter readings which may result in enormous errors.
In order to address these issues, our project is designed which will measure the following parameters:
- Net metering
- Energy Consumption
- Power factor
- Instantaneous Voltage
- Instantaneous Current
- Also the alert System is also introduced which will alert the consumer and the utility about the abrupt changes in voltage and current.
Our designed project will calculate the following parameters and will display them on a website called Internet of things using WIFI module. By using the technology IOT, the human involvement is reduced as the energy consumption will be uploaded on a website and so no man from the utility is required to calculate the consumption. Also the sensors upload data on a website after every 15 seconds so the consumer can easily track record of the energy consumption
Project ObjectivesAll over the world, the use of renewable power has radically taken a turn, as innovation has brought down costs and started to deliver on the promise of a clean energy future as electricity is one of the necessities of human life. With the increase in its demand, it starts to be deficient, so it is one of the most significant issues facing today. This problem is not only because of its limited production but also its inefficient usage. However, it is possible to increase the efficiency of energy usage by using modern, efficient technology called “Internet of Things (IoT)”, one of the latest technologies used in the modern world, introducing a smart management system.
In our project, we are addressing two problems, i.e., in Pakistan there is a flow of current from the utility grid to the consumer only (i.e., unidirectional flow of current) so we are introducing the concept of net metering in our project so to flow the current in both the direction i.e., from the utility to the national grid and from the national grid to that of the utility.
Moreover, the second problem is that there is a human involvement while accessing the bill, so in order to reduce or avoid it. The hybrid electric system is interfaced with an Internet using WIFI module making internet of things as easy as possible.
Project Implementation MethodEnergy supplied to consumer load from the solar Energy:
First, we will implement the circuit which will perform net metering i.e. the solar
energy when strikes the solar panel it generates electricity in the form of DC. This DC is fed to the charge controller to regulate. Then the battery is used to store the energy that is coming from the solar to use that energy at the time of needs. The converters and inverters are used which steps up the voltage and then it converts the dc voltage into AC. This AC voltage is supplied to the consumer as well as the surplus energy is supplied to the grid.
Energy supplied to the consumer as well as to that of the battery from the grid:
At times, when no energy is generated by the solar panel and there is no stored energy in the battery; as a result, the grid becomes the source and provides power to the consumer load as well as is used to charge up the battery. In order to meet up the requirement of the battery, AC voltage is converted into DC by using bidirectional inverters and converters which first convert AC into DC and then step it down. The energy being supply by the grid to the consumer as well as the energy being consumed by the grid is measured and displayed on the LCD.
Parameters displayed on LCD and on ThingSpeak:
The two sensors sense the instantaneous current and voltage. The output of these
sensors will be fed to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to convert the analog signal into digital form and then fed to the microcontroller for further calculation. The following parameters i.e. the instantaneous power and the power factor will be calculated, by the microcontroller. Moreover, an alarm will generate when there are abrupt changes in voltage and current. To provide a user interface LCD will be used. Also, a website named ThingSpeak will be used to analyze the real-time data.
- Introducing the concept of clean energy by making use of the renewable energy i.e., generates electricity from the solar energy which is an environment friendly source of energy generation.
- By making our own energy, the burden on the national grid can be reduced.
- The surplus energy is being supplied to the utility grid which benefits us as well as the utility.
- Reducing the human involvement while accessing the bill
- As the meter reading will be automated so no error will be anymore while accessing the bill
- The consumer can easily track record of the energy consumption any time and so can manage the appliances usage.
- Alert system helps the consumer and the utility to alert the abrupt changes in voltage and the current and so the consumer can shut off the appliances before it burn out.
- The energy consumption, power factor, instantaneous voltage and the current can be visualized anywhere easily by the website.
So far, we have almost done our project, i.e., for the voltage to be step up and step down converter is implemented, for the conversion from AC voltage to DC voltage and vice versa inverter is implemented.
The sensors are also interfaced which measures either the current which is either flowing from the main supply or it is following from the battery which stores the energy generated from the solar panel.
The information from the sensors is also interfaced to the website called “ThingSpeak” which updates the information after every 15 seconds.
The energy meter is integrated along with the system which helps for the bidirectional flow of current.
Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry Energy Other IndustriesCore Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other Technologies Clean TechSustainable Development Goals Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Climate ActionRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 69800 | |||
| Solar PV | Equipment | 1 | 4500 | 4500 |
| Volatge Sensors | Equipment | 6 | 1500 | 9000 |
| Current Sensor | Equipment | 6 | 4500 | 27000 |
| Micro controller | Equipment | 1 | 1600 | 1600 |
| Battery (dry cell) | Equipment | 1 | 5000 | 5000 |
| LCD | Equipment | 1 | 900 | 900 |
| Electronic Components | Equipment | 100 | 100 | 10000 |
| WIFI module | Equipment | 1 | 600 | 600 |
| stationary (wires, tapes etc) | Equipment | 1 | 10000 | 10000 |
| sheets for PCB fabrication | Miscellaneous | 30 | 40 | 1200 |