Futuristic Autonomous Car

Autonomous cars are futuristic self-driven cars which are more efficient and therefore are able to minimize the risks of crashes. In this project, the goal is to develop a prototype of autonomous car. The car will be able to visualize its surrounding with the help of the LIDAR sensor, IR sensor, Ult

Project Title

Futuristic Autonomous Car

Project Area of Specialization

Electrical/Electronic Engineering

Project Summary

Autonomous cars are futuristic self-driven cars which are more efficient and therefore are able to minimize the risks of crashes. In this project, the goal is to develop a prototype of autonomous car. The car will be able to visualize its surrounding with the help of the LIDAR sensor, IR sensor, Ultrasonic sensor and camera. With the input from these devices, it will be able to create a 3-D map of its surroundings. The vehicle will be able to control itself and move automatically by localizing itself and planning its path. This will be the basic idea on which the Futuristic Autonomous Car will be developed and designed. Although the project will be done on a model car but still will provide a base for the development in this technology. The making of the Futuristic Autonomous car will set a base for the transformation of standard vehicles to fully autonomous vehicles by implementing and adapting to various upcoming technologies.

Project Objectives

The purpose of this project is to design and construct an electric autonomous vehicle. The goals which have to be achieved by this vehicle are the following:

• Obstacle detection and avoidance:

       The vehicle will be able to detect and avoid any obstacle its path

• Automatic steering:

The car will be able to steer by itself.

• Automatic Brakes:

By sensing obstacles the vehicle will be able to automatically apply brakes timely.

Project Implementation Method

The Design of the Autonomous Car will be divided into the following steps:

• Sensor Fusion
• Visualization
• Control

Firstly, the model toy car will be converted into a miniature electric vehicle by installing the appropriate components in it such as servo motors and battery etc. The next step will be to apply Sensor Fusion. All of the sensor such as the Lidar, ultrasonic sensor and the Infrared Sensor will be installed in the car. The quantity and location of the sensors will be finalized with the help of hardware and software testing of the model. Sensor Fusion is basically the scenario in which all of the sensors work in collaboration with each other so that the vehicle is able to detect the obstacles in its path and also create a 3-Dimensional map of its surroundings. The sensor will be responsible for taking the measurement of the cars surrounding environment. All of this data will be gathered by the sensors and then sent to the installed microcontroller for further processing.

Thirdly, the car has to visualize its surrounding so that it can have an idea of where it is in reality. This is done with the help of multiple cameras installed around the vehicle. With the help of visualization the car is able to judge what is in front of it with the help of the data which is already preinstalled in the vehicle. By comparing the preinstalled data with the real time data the car is able to judge what type of hindrances, it is facing. Visualization will also help the car to stay on its desired lane and path. 

With the help of both of these mechanisms the vehicle will be able to create a rich understanding of its surroundings. Both of these data will be input into the microcontroller and will be processed by it.

The fourth and final step is control, when the car has processed all the data and planned its path then with the help of control the car will be able to steer itself, apply the brakes and hit the throttle. The car will act accordingly to the planned path and maneuver it so that it maintains its trajectory. The microcontroller will send electrical signals to the cars steering, brakes and throttle so that the car is not deviated from its path.

Benefits of the Project

Our world is moving quickly towards a future of autonomy. Almost all aspects of our environment
depend on automation to some extent. Now this concept is also making its way in our transportation
industry. And it has tremendous benefits to offer to the society. Some of these benefits are discussed
below.
There are countless ways in which autonomous cars benefit humanity, the first being the reduction in
traffic deaths. Autonomous cars offer a lot of protection features which can help reduce the risk of having
traffic accidents. It does that by providing a set of new eyes which can see all around the car in basically
any condition and are more accurate than the human eye. This will eventually help reducing the amount
of traffic accidents by 90% as 94% of all traffic accidents are due to human error. The advent of
autonomous vehicles will also decrease the fuel emissions as there will be less traffic congestion. An
estimate shows 60% reduction in harmful emissions. It will also help save time as there will be less traffic
congestion and precious time can be saved. The stop and go waves of traffic will be eliminated altogether.
The autonomous car network will also benefit the fuel economy as no traffic congestion will save fuel and
improve fuel economy by 10%. The autonomous industry also gives a staggering 500% increase in the
lane capacity as fewer lanes will need to be built. the autonomous industry would very simply minimize
the number of lanes needed to travel which will in turn benefit the economy as less wider roads will need
to be built and this will save a lot of time and money. Lastly, it will save the consumer's money which
will be saved from car insurance, running costs and parking costs.
Apart from these benefits, autonomous vehicles are no less than a blessing for senior disabled people.
Autonomous cars will help handicapped or even blind people to go wherever they want alone and without
the use of additional equipment. Thus autonomous vehicles will revolutionize the world, breaking barriers
of the past and paving the way to the future.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The FYP will a prototype of an Autonomous Vehicle (AV). The body of the prototype will be a kid toy car.The final deliverables of our project will include the objectives of our project:

• Obstacle detection and avoidance
• Automatic steering
• Automatic Brakes

Our objectives will be implemented with the help of Localization, Visualization and Sensor Fusion.

Visualization:

We will use camera for the visualization. Camera input will send data to the microprocessor which will be further processed. Data like road lanes, traffic signals, people, animals and other things will be detected with the camera input. A dataset will be already present in the system and with the help of it AV will detect the obstacles and find its alternative path.

Sensor Fusion:

Microprocessor will gather the data of all the sensors and send the data to vehicle. We will be using 4 sensors:

• LIDAR
• RADAR
• Ultrasonic Senor
• Infrared Sensor

LIDAR sensor will map a 360 degrees view around the AV upto 10 meters. This will also help to detect the obstacles around and also their distance from the AV. LIDAR uses light for its working.

RADAR sensor will also help to detect the traffic flow and other vehicles around our vehicle. This works with the help of sound.

Ultrasonic and Infrared sensors will only work for the close distances obstacles and for parking purpose.

Localization:

We will use GPS tracking for the localization of the vehicle which will help it in the planning the path of the AV.

Further, all these data combined will be sent to the control of the vehicle so that it can apply automatic braking and steering and help the AV to work properly.

Final Deliverable of the Project

HW/SW integrated system

Core Industry

Transportation

Other Industries

Others

Core Technology

Robotics

Other Technologies

Others

Sustainable Development Goals

Good Health and Well-Being for People, Affordable and Clean Energy, Decent Work and Economic Growth

Required Resources

If you need this project, please contact me on contact@adikhanofficial.com