Frequency Monitoring Network for Wide Area Grid Observation

Project Title

Frequency Monitoring Network for Wide Area Grid Observation

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

Frequency dynamics is one of the most important parameters of Electrical Power System.System frequency and rate of change of frequency are the performance indicator of Power system reliability and stability.Electrical power system is a large and most complex man-made structure ever.Its load and network topography changes in real time,in order to understand its dynamics; Frequency monitoring is needed to give an early alarm of instantaneous frequency fluctuation to the operator.Although protection devices for Power system are available like relays but they operate when the fault is established however change in frequency is a pre-cursor to an intermittent fault therefore large interconnected power systems needs Wide-Area Monitoring System(WAMS) for which generally PMU’s are used. However PMU design and testing is a technical challenge that requires well-established metrology labs therefore methods which use PMU’s are replaced by an Internet-based GPS Synchronized Wide-Area Frequency Monitoring Network(FNET) which is low in cost and has high accuracy.In this project we aim to take a glimpse of WAMS by measuring only frequency and RoCoF at various nodes on a grid.This would require establishing a robust method of frequency and RoCoF calculations and transmitting the data from various nodes to a central data concentrator and finally visualizing the results for meaning full interpretations.

Project Objectives

Objective 1: Devising a Frequency Estimation algorithm that gives Robust values of Frequency and Rate of change of Frequency as per IEEE guidelines(C37.118.1).

Objective 2 : Implementing Frequency Estimation on a sample by sample basis of utilizing speed Micro Controllers (ESP32/APMCortexM3).

Objective 3: Establishing WIFI based Communication between frequency measurement node and Central Data Concentrator.

Objective 4: Creating a simple wed interface for visualizing stored as well as Real time Data utilizing front-end and server side programming.

Project Implementation Method

Task 1: Propose Frequency estimation algorithm (that gives almost accurate values of frequency and rocof) Task 2: Learn about implementation of micro-controllers (ESP32/ARM Cortex M3)

Task 3: Use microcontrollers to implement frequency estimation algorithm

Task 4: Transmit data to central data concentrator from local nodes (nodes at which frequency is measured) through WIFI based communication.

Task 5: Learn server side programming

Task 6: Visualize any kind of data(real/stored) by creating web interface utilizing front-end server-side programming.

Task 7: Report Writing

For managing our project, we have divided it in 5 parts. In the first step, we will have to write an efficient and accurate algorithm that can measure frequency and rate of change of frequency on 5 local nodes using IEEE Guidelines (C37.118.1).After that in step 2  we will have to implement it using high speed microcontrollers then in the third step communication between the center unit and local nodes will be established. In step 4 data will be visualized (through graphs) with the help of web interfacing for interpretation and finally we will write report in the last 45 days.By completing every step individually we can achieve our all objectives that will help researchers as well as power utilities and we would say that  this FNET system will become most common and accurate frequency monitoring network.

Benefits of the Project

 Beneficiaries

• Researchers: Researchers can use this platform to do advance researches.
• Power Utilities: Power Utilities can use this platform to observe their stability and reliability in real time operations.

Applications and Benefits:

• The wide area frequency measurement will provide firsthand information to study the system response due to events such as generator tripping.

• Frequency information can help determine real time transmission limits and available transmission capacity.

• The time synchronized frequency information is useful in post-mortem analysis of system disturbances, it can also be used to track down the origination of system blackout.

• Many power system protection and control applications e.g, load shedding, load-frequency controller, require accurate and fast estimation of the system frequency.

• The online real time frequency data can be used for automatic generation control (AGC).

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The effort is to create an extremely low cost and quickly deployable wide-area frequency measurement system with high dynamic accuracy and that requires a minimal installation cost. All these features are possible in FNET due to the fact that the power system frequency can be accurately measured and is global positioning system (GPS) synchronized.

By using FNET/GridEye, we will be able to study the power system, including:

Event detection and location

Detection of system breakup or islanding

Providing grid control input signals 

Prediction of grid instability and reduction of blackouts

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Education , Telecommunication Core Technology OthersOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Sustainable Cities and CommunitiesRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	80000
ESP32/ARM Cortex M3	Equipment	4	3000	12000
Real Time Clock IC	Equipment	6	500	3000
GPS cum GSM module with Antenna	Equipment	5	3000	15000
Graphic LCD(2 inches)	Equipment	5	1000	5000
WIFI module (ESP 8266-12)	Equipment	6	500	3000
Power supply for Node	Equipment	5	500	2500
Raspberry Pi Module(3)	Equipment	3	7000	21000
Instrumentation Transformer For voltage	Equipment	5	500	2500
Fabrication and Enclosure	Equipment	3	2000	6000
Miscellaneous Electronic Components	Miscellaneous	2	5000	10000