Electric Bike

Project Title

Electric Bike

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

The name of the project is “Electric Bike”. As suggested by the name, this is the bike that will use electricity for its process. First of all, we purchased an old bike and then spare its parts. We did remove its engine and designed a new mechanical structure. We used a 3 Phase induction Motor, get it fitted on the bike frame. This motor will move the back wheel of the bike. We used the VFD scheme in an inverter and controlled its speed according to requirements.

We used a boost converter to meet the motor ratings. We purchased Lion Batteries and get them to solder by using a spot welder. We used BMS to control the charging and discharging of batteries.

An electric bike will be charged by using a fast charger. It can be charge at any socket connected to WAPDA. This will be the main benefit to our customers. They don’t need to worry about the charging process. The average charging time will be 2 to 3 hours while in one charge bike will cover the distance of 50 Km at the speed of 40 Kmph.

Project Objectives

This is a multi-objective project. The first objective of our project is to develop an electric bike, which will be launch in the market from a business perspective because the world is growing very quickly. People are adopting smart and efficient gadgets. Since they want a luxurious life. We will provide them all the facilities they needed.

Secondly, we are also familiar with that this is the postmodern era of technology. Technology has a great effect on the Transportation sector. The world is shifting from vehicles with engines toward electric vehicles. They became aware of today’s environmental problems. Natural resources are also becoming less every single day due to the large consumption of fuel in the transportation sector. So, here we are trying to replace a normal bike with an electric bike to cope up with the atmospheric pollutions.

 The other objective of the project is to make a more reliable, efficient, and reasonable cost product. So, that in a country like Pakistan every person can purchase it. We are designing a fast charger which will charge batteries in a minimum time.

Project Implementation Method

The project implementation method is divided into four parts.

1) working on the inverter for its simple and reliable design. It will be used to run 3 phase induction motor and to control its speed.

2) working on the structure and frame of the bike on which all accessories will be attached. It includes motor fitting, circuit and battery placement cabins, made of steel.                       

3) working on cell arrangement (series and parallel). Made battery pack by using the battery management system to control and observe charging and discharging of cells.

4) working on the charger circuit, we tried to make a fast charger to reduce the charging time.

Benefits of the Project

While choosing this project, our first consideration was to use clean technology. We will convert our normal bike to an electric bike. In this way, there will not be a need for petroleum products. The main benefit of this project is that there will not be a need for tuning of the bike, since we removed the engine, also we did not need to purchase fuel for the bike.

Since they use natural resources, they are becoming less very rapidly because of the excessive use of them. In the current world, a major partition of natural resources is used in the transportation sector. That results in air pollution and noise pollution. We are designing an electric vehicle that will not produce any noise and did not pollute our environment. Also, an electric bike will use electricity instead of petrol. In this way, we can save our natural resources.

We are designing an efficient, reliable, and cheap inverter. This inverter will control the speed of the bike with the help of an electric bike accelerator. We are also working on a fast charger that will charge the battery in less time. In this way, an electric bike will consume less electricity.

The design of the product will be simple according to the requirement, to maintain the price of the product as low as possible. This product will be in the range of 60 thousand so that maximum people can buy it.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Components of Electric Bike:

This product consists of many components listed below,

• Bike Frame
• 3 Phase Induction Motor
• VFD Derive
• Boost Converter
• Charger
• Battery pack

We are designing an inverter that will be able to control the speed of the motor with the help of the frequency of the source. In this project, we used the variable frequency technique. This inverter is made in Pakistan and will be available at a low cost. We did try different schemes on VFD and compared different results to choose the best one. These techniques involve SVPWM and SPWM. We observe that SPWM is easy to implement and has less THD ratio than SVPWM.

While there were many challenges in front of us when making this bike. One of them was the controllability of the motor. This might be possible by either using a low voltage motor or by using an efficient boost circuit. We used the boost converter in our project. This decision was made by keeping in view the current rating and required current of the motor. If we were using low rating motor, we need to get design it, since rewinding leads to efficiency loss. We also need to connect more battery packs in parallel to meet the current requirement of the motor. And this will become very costly. So, we go for the booster. We made its design simple and reliable.

We used the push pulled technique in the booster. Also, we have feedback to control the speed of the motor. In the next section, we will design a fast charger. Battery Pack is being observed by BMS, specially designed for Lion cells. The fast charger will charge the battery in about 2 to 3 hours. The millage of the bike is approximated to 50 to 60 Km. we can say that in one complete charge our bike will be able to cover 50 to 60 Km.

Why people will purchase this product?

There are many electric bikes available in the market, even though in Pakistan also. These companies are using DC Hub Motor, which is costly and its control is also very easy. They import DC motors from other countries, causing high custom duty on it. In our design, we are using a 3 Phase Induction Motor. This is easily available in the market. Also available at low cost.

There are many disadvantages of DC motor that include high stress on the motor while moving on an inclined plane.  In DC motors there is no heat sink that’s why there is a danger of motor burning.

When we compare their price, we conclude that a bike with an induction motor is a low-cost product.

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry TransportationOther Industries Energy Core Technology Clean TechOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for People, Decent Work and Economic Growth, Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	74730
BIKE	Equipment	1	8500	8500
3 PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR	Equipment	1	5000	5000
IGBT SWITCHES	Equipment	5	900	4500
AURDINO MEGA CONTROLLER	Equipment	1	2200	2200
CHANGING INFRASTRUCTURE OF BIKE	Equipment	1	6000	6000
3.7V 10000mah Lion BATTERIES	Equipment	25	950	23750
BMS	Equipment	8	250	2000
TLP250 IC	Equipment	6	80	480
PCB PRINTING AND DESIGNING	Equipment	1	500	500
SPOT WELDER	Equipment	1	2000	2000
IR2113 IC	Miscellaneous	15	180	2700
AURDINO UNO CHIP	Miscellaneous	3	200	600
IR2136 IC	Miscellaneous	3	500	1500
TRANSPORTATION AND DELIVERY CHARGES ON EQUIPMENT PURCHASED	Equipment	1	1000	1000
OLD LAPTOP BATTERIES	Miscellaneous	15	200	3000
BOOST CONVERTER	Equipment	1	5000	5000
CHARGER	Equipment	1	4000	4000
BIKE PARTS (ACCESSORIES )	Miscellaneous	1	2000	2000