Designing a PLC Based HVDC Fault Protection Scheme by using Relaying Algorithm
High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) power transmission is becoming important due to steadily rising need for bulk power delivery. DC grids are unprotected to DC faults which, leads to rapid rise in DC fault currents. In the world of electrical power supply there are many faults are occurred and most
2025-06-28 16:26:37 - Adil Khan
Designing a PLC Based HVDC Fault Protection Scheme by using Relaying Algorithm
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummaryHigh Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) power transmission is becoming important due to steadily rising need for bulk power delivery. DC grids are unprotected to DC faults which, leads to rapid rise in DC fault currents. In the world of electrical power supply there are many faults are occurred and most commonly faults are (line to line L-L, line to ground L-G etc.). DC Fault protection is a major issue in multi terminal high voltage DC current systems. HVDC (high voltage DC) fault protection in HVDC systems, faults on rectifier side or inverter side have major effects on system stability. The DC faults must be cleared within time frame of milliseconds to avoid collapse of the HVDC system. In recent era, the renewable energy resources are rapidly developed and providing attention to voltage source converter (VSC) for multi terminal high voltage DC system in. Due to rapid increase in fault current in HVDC system, operation speed is the essential requirement of a DC fault protection in. Block diagram. Relays sense the faults and give information to the CB to control the faults. VSC-HVDC exhibits unique superiority over conventional HVDC system in terms of rapid dynamic response and independent flexible control mode. Thus, the efficiency of energy-source integration can be enhanced, and system stability can be improved with the application of VSC-HVDC. A multi terminal HVDC (MTDC) system consists of more than two converters connected through an HVDC network. Multiple generators and AC grids can be connected using this technology. There are multiple terminal stations each with their own converter by the HVDC transmission line network. Some of these converters operate as rectifiers while others act as inverters. Such type of network is much more complex than a two terminal HVDC configuration. In the event of a dc fault, respective dc breakers of a specific zone should operate and isolate the faulty portion, preventing fault current into neighboring protection zones. In this project we will design a PLC based HVDC Protection Scheme using relaying algorithm for primary and back-up protection. Multi terminal HVDC system
developed in PLC and subjected to line-to-line faults at different location and time to access, the design protection scheme.
DC lines can transmit additional power per conductor, due to the lack of power factor and active power problems. Smaller HVDC towers required. HVDC lines have a small corona, radio interference, transients, over voltage and no skin effect. • High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Technology is an attractive technology that is widely accepted, growing rapidly and universally accepted due to its proven performance and high performance Because of their long-distance benefits and great capacity. • Over the past two decades the developments in the transformative sector have resulted in the high success of DC-DC conversion programs. Because HVDC allows for the transfer of power between non-synchronized AC distribution systems, it can help increase system stability, by preventing cascading failures from transmitting from a wide range of power transmission.
• A standard defense scheme for flexible DC systems typically uses a separate ac bus protection as the main protection of the channel's internal lines. The Ac bus in addition to current protection and zero consecutive current protection is used as backup protection. However, it takes several cycles to protect the difference from the ac bus based on the frequency to detect the error.
• A long-distance HVDC transmission system, from location to location usually has lower investment costs and lower losses than a standard AC transmission system.
this Project we are going to design PLC based HVDC fault protection scheme by using relaying algorithm. PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) is the basic key component which plays an important role in the project as the fault clearance due to PLC can be automatically cleared without any manpower. Other components which are used in project designing according to BOQ bill of quantity are circuit breakers, Duct, Indication, heater, relays, sleeves, double headed push button etc. If we talk about the working phenomenon or working principle it will be work on to zones like primary and secondary protection zones. Primary and Backup protection scheme is worked as like
as when primary protection operates then its value will be 1 whereas, backup protection will remain zero. On the other hand, if Primary protection fails then secondary or backup protection is used for fault clearance in that sense backup protection will be 1 and primary protection will be zero.
• HVAC is more expensive than HVDC as the reason is that AC has three conductors But DC has two conductors That is why we use HVDC more than HVAC.
• The proposed model has various benefits in different industries. We use plc and circuit breakers in the project which play an important role in automatically removing errors without staff and its most secure method. Plc is used in various industries to make automation.
• The growing error period in the HVDC system is higher than in the HVAC system. As a result, the protection schemes already designed for the HVAC system are not compatible with the HVDC system. Especially when there are many VSC-HVDC systems with multiple terminals.
• It is quite reliable and automatic method without any manpower.
AC supply 220v will be converted to DC due to converters from the receiving phase after a single pole miniature breaker is connected. Thereafter the axillary miniature circuit breaker that normally opens is connected, the contact Assistants are the contacts that indicate the circuit breaker or switchgear position. Then the pressure buttons are connected which are usually opened and closed. If the contacts are usually open then the close indicator (RED) will be displayed as if the contacts are usually closed then the open indicator (GREEN) is displayed. This model shows the HVDC system of multi-input terminals you receive from line to center line that serves as a backup copy in the event of a failure in the primary protection.
Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Others , Security Core Technology Artificial Intelligence(AI)Other Technologies Wearables and Implantables, OthersSustainable Development Goals Affordable and Clean Energy, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Reduced Inequality, Responsible Consumption and ProductionRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 79000 | |||
| IND. Relay 8-Pin 24VDC + Base | Equipment | 4 | 3000 | 12000 |
| Indication | Miscellaneous | 6 | 500 | 3000 |
| Heater | Miscellaneous | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |
| CB Single Pole 6A | Equipment | 1 | 15000 | 15000 |
| Double headed Push button | Miscellaneous | 4 | 800 | 3200 |
| Sleeve | Miscellaneous | 1 | 1300 | 1300 |
| CP Sheet 5MM 3'X4' | Equipment | 1 | 900 | 900 |
| Copper 20X3MM | Equipment | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |
| PLC | Equipment | 1 | 22000 | 22000 |
| DUCT 40X40 2MTR | Equipment | 1 | 1800 | 1800 |
| DUCT 25X40 2MTR | Equipment | 1 | 1800 | 1800 |
| Magnetic Contactor TP With 1NO&1NC AC3 12A 220VAC | Equipment | 4 | 3500 | 14000 |