Designing a low cost Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring Device

Project Title

Designing a low cost Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring Device

Project Area of Specialization Biomedical EngineeringProject Summary

According to the International Diabetes Federation, Pakistan ranked 3rd in the country with the highest number of diabetes patients in the world. However, it is a non-contiguous disease. It occurs when glucose in the blood increases above a threshold value. Therefore, regular determination of blood glucose is quite necessary.

There are two categories for the measurement of blood glucose. One is Invasive also known as the pricks method. While the other one is Non-Invasive. Both have their own merits and demerits. Starting with the invasive technique which is based on the needles inserted into the human body to take a sample that is passed through the disposable strip for chemical processing to determine glucose concentration in the patient blood.

Moreover, alleviate the pain of the patient and reduce regular usage of test strips, which has led us to the development of Non-Invasive techniques. This technique is based on the use of a NIR Sensor for blood glucose level measurement from the patient fingertip without using any needles and test strips.

The working of the NIR optical signal is done by transmitting it through one side of the figure and then by receiving it through it from another side through which blood glucose molecular count is predicted by analyzing its variation in the signal after its reflection

Project Objectives

1. To study Non-Invasive techniques for blood glucose level measurement
2. To develop a simulation model for blood glucometer
3. To design and implement an infrared-based blood glucometer
4. To measure and analyze data for blood glucose levels
5. Finally, to validate the data with the conventional invasive method

Project Implementation Method

• This project is divided into two parts:

1. Software simulation
2. Hardware implementation

• First, we will proceed with the software simulation for that here we have used the Proteus design suite.
• It is an automatic electronic design-related software used for research and development in both academia and industry.
• After the completion of the simulation model in Proteus, the implementation stage begins.
• The designed circuit consists of an input signal value taken from the infrared sensor
• After that, we place our finger in between the infrared transmitter and receiver.
• When NIR passes through the finger it is partially absorbed and partially scattered.
• Our system is based on the reflectance of NIR through the finger.
• Then it moves through the filter to remove the noise.
• After filtering of signal we move it through the amplifier to enhance the signal.
• Then the signal moves towards the microcontroller for ADC of voltage signals into the blood glucose unit.
• Then we display the output on the LCD screen.  

Benefits of the Project

• Diabetes is one of the most effective chronic diseases that occur due to the low production of insulin hormones. It is one of the most challenging diseases that over time can lead to serious damage to many parts of the body. It reduces the flow of blood which causes Neuropathy in the feet which also increases the chance of foot ulcers, infection, and the eventual need for limb amputation.
• Diabetic Retinopathy is an important cause of blindness, that occurs as a result of long-term damage to small blood vessels retina. Also, diabetes is one of the leading causes of kidney failure.
• Therefore, CGM is very necessary and that can only be possible with the help of a Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring Device. That helps in frequent Monitoring as well as reduction of high risk of infection

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The project comprises of design and development of a non-invasive blood glucometer using the NIR Principle at the electromagnetic spectrum (750—2500nm). This allows Glucose measurement in the range of 1-100 mm depth. The principle works with a decrease in penetration depth for increasing wavelength. Throughout light is partially Absorbed as well scattered. When there is interaction with the chemical within the tissue. After using NIR Rays we develop a  Prototype according to it. Then pass it through ADC for converting the voltage values into mg/dl.

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry MedicalOther Industries Health Core Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other Technologies OthersSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for PeopleRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	32000
Arduino	Equipment	1	2500	2500
LCD 16 x 2	Equipment	1	1000	1000
Photo Sensors	Equipment	2	3000	6000
Transport/thesis	Miscellaneous	1	10000	10000
Electronic Components	Equipment	5	2000	10000
PCB Board	Equipment	1	2000	2000
Hardwires and cables	Equipment	1	500	500