DESIGN OF SMART SOLAR AND WIND (SWIND) SYSTEM

Project Title

DESIGN OF SMART SOLAR AND WIND (SWIND) SYSTEM

Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject Summary

Energy is the basic aspect of human’s daily life. Energy plays a key role in development of an economy especially in case of developing countries. In Pakistan, there has been an enormous increase in the demand of energy due to industrial development and population growth. The energy generation is far less than the actual demand; as a result, crisis has emerged. On the other hand, the Pakistan is facing a major threat of fast depletion of the fossil fuel reserves and also facing a curtail of water resources. To cope with present energy demand, the fossil fuel (coal, natural gas and oil etc.) and nuclear power plants is used which produces a lot of environmental pollution. This scenario creates an increase in fossil fuel prices and limit its potentials .
The current shortfall in Pakistan exceeds to 6000MW . In Pakistan the energy crises is increasing because they do not have stable infrastructure for energy sector. Most of the research now is about how to conserve the energy and how to utilize the energy in a better way and how to development of reliable and robust systems to control energy from non-conventional energy resources. Nowadays, the wind and solar power sources have experienced a remarkably rapid growth in the past few years. Both are pollution free sources of abundant power.
Solar panel are made from Photovoltaic cells. As Photovoltaic cells, produce electricity directly from sunlight. Photovoltaic cells are also called PV cells or solar cells. A typical photovoltaic system employs solar panels, each comprising a number of solar cells, which generate electrical power. PV installations may be ground-mounted, rooftop mounted or wall mounted .
Wind turbines are used to convert the wind power into electric power. Electric generator inside the turbine converts the mechanical power into the electric power. The production of wind turbines depends on the wind velocity acting on the turbine.
Our idea of the combined power generation is to get continuous power during day and night for small power applications with storage battery.

Project Objectives

Objective:-

•    To design a hybrid power generation system (Solar panel and Wind turbine) to achieve the optimum output energy from non-conventional energy sources.
•    To propose the modifications in hybrid power system framework, solar panel is equipped with automatic dust cleaner spray nozzle and also rotate along the sun direction.
•    Wind turbine rotate towards the direction of wind.
•    Designing web table, collecting data and plotting comparative graph of both fixed and smart system of three parameter such as voltage, current, and power.
•    Comparison of the result of both fixed and smart system.

Project Implementation Method

Methodology:
We will design a two-hybrid system for generation of electric power, which are given below: 
•    Fixed System
•    Smart SWIND System

i)    Fixed System:
In the implementation of fixed system we have the solar PV Module (which convert solar power to electrical power) and wind turbine (which convert wind energy to mechanical energy and further convert it to electrical energy by means of DC Motor) are connected to a control unit which constantly monitor and send a commands to control the functioning of both of them. In this type of combining the solar panel is not only the lone source but also we have a wind turbine for the production of continuous electric power .
Further, the control unit is connected to a backup system, which consists of 12V battery to store the energy. Availability of higher capacity batteries also could help to increase the backup time. The DC is directly connected to battery. For the AC loads we connect the power inverter (electronic device that change direct current DC to Alternating current AC).

 

ii)    Smart Swind System (Proposed):
The maximum output we will implement a smart system. In smart system, we have solar tracker and wind tracking.
a)     Solar tracking:
The solar tracking is a device onto which a solar panel are fitted which track the motion of sun to ensure that the maximum amount of sunlight incident the panels during the whole day. After finding the sunlight, the tracker will try to navigate through the path ensuring the maximum sunlight to detect. The design of solar tracker requires many components such as stepper motor, sensor etc.

b)    Wind tracking:
In operation, the force of the wind against the turbine will want to turn it around the mast axis; however, the tail, which is sitting against the tail stop and at 90 degrees to the turbine face, will want to stay down wind, so it keeps the turbine facing the wind. But as the wind picks up, the force against the turbine face increases until it is high enough to lift the tail off the tail stop.

 

 

Benefits of the Project

The hybrid solar energy systems have various benefits.  Few of them are:

1. Continuous power supply – The hybrid solar systems provide power continuously, without any interruption, as the batteries connected to them store the energy. So, when there is an electricity outage, the batteries work as inverter to provide you backup. This is also the case during the evening or night time when there is no sun and energy is not being generated; batteries provide the back-up and life goes on without any interruption.

2. Utilize the renewable sources in best way – Because the batteries are connected to the system to store the energy, there is no waste of the excess energy generated on bright sunny days. So, these systems make use of the renewable energy in best way, storing energy on a good day and utilize the stored power on a bad day. The balance is maintained.

3. Low maintenance cost – The maintenance cost of the hybrid solar energy systems is low as compared to the traditional generators which use diesel as fuel. No fuel is used and they do not require frequent servicing.

4. High efficiency – The hybrid solar energy systems work more efficiently than your traditional generators which waste the fuel under certain conditions. Hybrid solar systems work efficiently in all types of conditions without wasting the fuel.

5. Load management – Unlike traditional generators, which provide high power as soon as they turned on, most of hybrid solar power systems manage load accordingly. A hybrid solar system may have technology that adjusts the energy supply according to the devices they are connected to, whether it’s an air conditioner requiring high power or a fan which requires less.
 

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Workable smart energy generation system

ii)    Smart Swind System (Proposed):
The maximum output we will implement a smart system. In smart system, we have solar tracker and wind tracking.

a)     Solar tracking:
The solar tracking is a device onto which a solar panel are fitted which track the motion of sun to ensure that the maximum amount of sunlight incident the panels during the whole day. After finding the sunlight, the tracker will try to navigate through the path ensuring the maximum sunlight to detect. The design of solar tracker requires many components such as stepper motor, sensor etc.

b)    Wind tracking:
In operation, the force of the wind against the turbine will want to turn it around the mast axis; however, the tail, which is sitting against the tail stop and at 90 degrees to the turbine face, will want to stay down wind, so it keeps the turbine facing the wind. But as the wind picks up, the force against the turbine face increases until it is high enough to lift the tail off the tail stop .

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemType of Industry Energy Technologies Clean TechSustainable Development Goals Responsible Consumption and Production, Climate ActionRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	70000
Arduino	Equipment	3	2800	8400
Solar Panel 100W	Equipment	2	8600	17200
Wind Turbine 8W	Equipment	2	4500	9000
LCD	Equipment	2	170	340
LDR sensor Module	Equipment	3	80	240
IC	Equipment	4	80	320
Water Pump 12V	Equipment	1	790	790
Solar Mechanical structure	Equipment	2	12000	24000
Turbine Mechanical structure	Equipment	2	0	0
Dc gear motor	Equipment	2	3500	7000
Buck Boost coverter	Equipment	4	440	1760
Slide switch	Equipment	4	80	320
Serial cable	Equipment	2	0	0
Water tank	Equipment	1	0	0
Wire jumper	Equipment	4	0	0
Inverter	Equipment	2	0	0
Serial Module	Equipment	2	315	630
Wire (male to male)	Equipment	4	0	0
Wire (male to female)	Equipment	4	0	0
current sensor	Equipment	4	0	0
Wings (turbine blade)	Equipment	2	0	0
Dump load	Equipment	2	0	0
Battery	Equipment	2	0	0
Voltage sensor	Equipment	4	0	0
Relay (pump control)	Equipment	1	0	0
Relay (Switching)	Equipment	2	0	0
Relay DriverModule	Equipment	1	0	0
Blower	Equipment	1	0	0
Multimeter	Equipment	2	0	0
Battery level indicator	Equipment	2	0	0