Design of protection scheme for distribution transformer using IOT
Distribution transformers are the main component of the power system which provides power for our electronic and electrical appliances in our homes and factories. Distribution transformers must be protected from fault and they should supply reliable and quality power i.e. at rated voltage without in
2025-06-28 16:26:36 - Adil Khan
Design of protection scheme for distribution transformer using IOT
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummaryDistribution transformers are the main component of the power system which provides power for our electronic and electrical appliances in our homes and factories. Distribution transformers must be protected from fault and they should supply reliable and quality power i.e. at rated voltage without interruption. Transformer failures become a significant issue for both customers and utility companies. Poor quality of power supply may result in increased power losses, production loss, and power outages and causes undesirable behavior of equipment, and may cause damage to the equipment connected to the LV side of the transformer. It economically affects the customers by damaging their appliances connected to the power source. This project develops a monitoring system via an Ethernet LAN on the intended substation, the in-built system by monitoring the zero crossing of current and voltage during low voltage and over voltage, fault protection, fault detection, and fault prevention. This helps the utility from unnecessary power outages, increases the lifetime of the transformer, and increases the service time. The system also provides an online control of the distribution transformer remotely via the Internet of Things technology, and it helps the customer to avoid frequent power failures and ensure reliable and good quality power is supplied to the consumers.
Project ObjectivesMonitoring of parameters like temperature, Humidity, Voltage spikes, and over current.
Pre-fault removal of any abnormalities in parameters.
Design of Protection Scheme using IoT.
Reduction of maintenance costs and fault clearing time.
Project Implementation MethodMeasurement of parameters like over / under Current, over/ under Voltage, Temperature, and Humidity.
Measured parameters will be sent at substation using IOT based device.
Real-time monitoring of parameters at substation using IOT.
Design of protection scheme.
Benefits of the ProjectReal-time Monitoring at the substation
Removal of a complete or partial shutdown.
Detection of the fault before failure.
Removal of fault in the minimum time period.
Technical Details of Final DeliverableESP 32 WI-FI module
Resistor (10k,1k,220)
Capacitors (100uf, 1000uf)
Relays (5V)
Distribution Transformer (200KVA)
DHT11 Sensor (Smoke,Humidity)
LM35 Sensor (Temperature)
| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 74310 | |||
| Distribution Transformer | Equipment | 3 | 14000 | 42000 |
| Arduino | Equipment | 1 | 2500 | 2500 |
| DHT11 Sensor | Equipment | 1 | 500 | 500 |
| LM35 Sensor | Equipment | 1 | 500 | 500 |
| Veroboard | Equipment | 1 | 200 | 200 |
| Solder Wires | Equipment | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |
| Soalding iron | Equipment | 1 | 500 | 500 |
| Connecting Wires | Equipment | 1 | 1000 | 1000 |
| Board | Equipment | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |
| Bulb | Equipment | 5 | 200 | 1000 |
| Current Transformer (CT) | Equipment | 3 | 1500 | 4500 |
| Potential Transformer(PT) | Equipment | 3 | 1000 | 3000 |
| ESP 32 | Equipment | 1 | 2500 | 2500 |
| Capacitors | Equipment | 20 | 20 | 400 |
| Resistors | Equipment | 20 | 3 | 60 |
| LED (Bulb) | Equipment | 20 | 5 | 100 |
| Liquid Crystal (LCD) | Equipment | 1 | 800 | 800 |
| Relays | Equipment | 6 | 500 | 3000 |
| Printing | Miscellaneous | 2 | 2000 | 4000 |
| Stationery | Miscellaneous | 3 | 500 | 1500 |
| petrol | Miscellaneous | 15 | 150 | 2250 |