Design and development of iot enabled on-board normal and ab-normal condition monitoring and remote control of transmission line
Transmission line is the most important part of power system and is used for the transmission of electrical power from source area to distribution network. The major problem in electrical power system is protection of transmission line as more than 80% faults occur in transmission line. A fault is a
2025-06-28 16:31:23 - Adil Khan
Design and development of iot enabled on-board normal and ab-normal condition monitoring and remote control of transmission line
Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject SummaryTransmission line is the most important part of power system and is used for the transmission of electrical power from source area to distribution network. The major problem in electrical power system is protection of transmission line as more than 80% faults occur in transmission line. A fault is any abnormal flow of electric current through transmission line and can be produced due to multiple reasons such as lightning, rain, toppling of trees, wind etc. These faults may cause severe damage to power system equipment and also affect the reliability of power supply to consumers. Current conventional method to detect and locate fault has its own limitations due to the reliance on technical team to carrying out visual inspection in order to identify any fault. Many electricity transmission companies across the world are continuously looking for ways to utilize modern technologies, in order to come with a more efficient, reliable and time saving solution which can help to detect any kind of fault and protect from losses due to these faults. To overcome these, we are proposing an IoT based transmission line monitoring and controlling system. The main aim of this system is to monitor and protect the transmission lines through wireless system. The proposed system will sufficiently and accurately indicate the type of fault occurred and location of fault in the transmission system. This system uses Wi-Fi to transmit fault information to controlling area lineman. The system uses relays and other protective devices for protection of transmission line in case of fault. This system will help to the electricity board and service man of that area to detect the fault in short time and avoid the transformer damages.
Project ObjectivesTransmission line protection is an important issue in power system because more than 80% of power system faults are occurring in transmission line. Generally when a fault occurs in transmission line, unless it is severe it is unseen. But gradually these minor faults can lead to damage of transformer and can turn havoc to human life. It may also initiate fire. Hence there is a need of effective control system to make the power system safer, efficient and reliable. The main objectives of this project are to solve this fault detection problem by introducing a mechanism that can monitor and detect any kind of abnormal condition in transmission line automatically, prevent from the damages that occur in transmission line and inform the authorities with a specific fault location through WI-FI module. In addition to these objectives, we have to introduce a solution that is low of cost, small in size, light in weight and more importantly saves time by detecting fault and its location. The abnormal condition is detected by Arduino microcontroller which compares actual values with reference values. If it detects any deviation in values, it sends signal to relays for protecting transmission line as well as to WI-FI module. Using GPS provides accurate location (latitude and longitude) of fault occur in transmission line. The exact fault location can help service man to remove persistent of the faults and locate the areas where the faults occur regularly, thus reducing the occurrence of fault and minimize the time of power outages.
Project Implementation MethodThe project is implemented in several phases:
1: In the first phase we analyze all previous research papers related to our topic and develop complete understanding about our project.
2: In second phase we review about limitations in all previous projects and develop ideas to overcome them.
3: In third phase we install and understand proteus software.
4: In fourth phase we work on simulation of our prototype using proteus software.
5: In fifth phase we learn and develop Arduino coding which will be used in simulation as well as in hardware model.
6: In sixth phase we test and improve our software prototype.
7: In seventh phase we buy all hardware tools to be used for prototype.
8: In eighth phase we develop hardware model.
9: In ninth phase we finalize and run our prototype.
Working:
The proposed prototype consists of step down transformers which are used to step down the voltage from 220v to 12v. That 12v is than fed to input of measuring sensors while the output is connected with microcontroller. The microcontroller serves as the heart of the entire system. A 5v dc supply is given to microcontroller. The entire system program instruction is stored in microcontroller. Based on the program, the microcontroller compares real time values with pre-set values. If actual values differ from reference values, the microcontroller sends a signal for the relay to trip off the system, else the system remains connected. When the relay trips of the system, an alert notification is sent controlling person via WI-FI module. The fault condition is also displayed at LCD with the particular name of fault. In our prototype we have used switches in order to create line to line, double line, triple line, line to ground, double line to ground and triple line to ground faults. We are using GPS to find exact fault location (containing longitude and latitude). This helps the operators to locate the fault precisely and send the service man to clear the fault and restore the power system back into service. In addition to that we have used flame sensor and temperature sensor to monitor flame and temperature in transmission line respectively.
Benefits of the ProjectThe proposed system will have several advantages in electrical transmission system such as:
1. This system gives the exact information about which type of fault occurred in the line such as R-G, R-Y, R-Y-B, Y-B-G, R-Y-B-G etc.
2. We can easily monitor the transmission system from the any corner of the world because of the WI-FI system that gives real time status of the system.
3. This system is more flexible than the existing system which can easily overcome the time required for finding the fault in any environmental condition.
4. We can easily mount the system on pole, because of its small size, light weight.
5. The proposed model uses relays which can protect transmission line in case of any fault.
6. The proposed model uses less number of components and manual observation. So it is economically reliable and low cost.
7. This model reduces the operating expense.
8. This model improves the performance of the system.
9. This model is efficient and reliable and can be easily implemented.
10. This model will improve reliability of power supply to consumers.
Technical Details of Final DeliverableArduino Uno:
Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board and acts as a brain of the many projects, It has 14 digital input /output pins, 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHZ quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It is easy to communicate with another device. Arduino IDE is dumped in a microcontroller. It is inexpensive, cross platform.
LCD:
LCD is liquid crystal display. Here we used a 16*2 LCD which means 16 columns and 2 rows. It is combination of solid and liquid to produce a visible image and works on the principle of ‘blocking light’. Here we are using LCD to display the multiple fault detection.
Internet of Things:
The ESP8266 is one of the micro controller-based design. ESP8266 is a Wi Fi which sends data to the system through Wi Fi networking.
Relay:
Relay is a switching device which is used to isolate the circuit by sending trip signal to the circuit breaker.
Global Positioning System:
It is used to determine the location of the fault where it has occurred. GPS is used for the continuous measurement of the location in real time.
Flame Sensor:
The Flame-sensor is used for detecting as well as responding to the occurrence of a fire or flame. This sensor can be easily damaged to high temperature so this sensor can be placed at a certain distance from the flame. The flame detection can be done from a 100cm distance. The output of this signal is an analog signal or digital signal.
Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry Energy Other Industries IT Core Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Affordable and Clean Energy, Decent Work and Economic Growth, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Responsible Consumption and ProductionRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 62500 | |||
| Microcontroller | Equipment | 4 | 1500 | 6000 |
| Transformer | Equipment | 8 | 500 | 4000 |
| Relay | Equipment | 8 | 2000 | 16000 |
| sensors | Equipment | 10 | 500 | 5000 |
| Switches | Equipment | 20 | 200 | 4000 |
| Transmission line model | Equipment | 1 | 10000 | 10000 |
| Resistors | Equipment | 30 | 20 | 600 |
| Multi colour wire | Equipment | 100 | 20 | 2000 |
| WI-FI module | Equipment | 2 | 500 | 1000 |
| Printed Circuit Board | Equipment | 3 | 1000 | 3000 |
| LCD | Equipment | 2 | 200 | 400 |
| Battery | Equipment | 5 | 300 | 1500 |
| Rectifier | Equipment | 5 | 100 | 500 |
| Bulb | Equipment | 10 | 250 | 2500 |
| LED | Equipment | 20 | 50 | 1000 |
| Thesis report printing | Miscellaneous | 1000 | 5 | 5000 |