Design and Development of a Prototype for Protection System of a Microgrid System

Project Title

Design and Development of a Prototype for Protection System of a Microgrid System

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

                             A microgrid is a small energy system that can balance captive supply and demand to maintain a stable service within a defined boundary. Microgrids are defined by their function, not their size. Microgrids combine various distributed energy resources (DERs) to form a whole system that is larger than its parts. Over the past decade, the microgrid concept has done has emerged as an extraordinary way of integrating sustainable energy sources in the power grid. Its main advantages lie in the fact that it supplies energy locally, reduces the grid investments due to lower network capacity requirements, reduces costs and operating losses, reduces load peaks and increases reliability. However, along with these benefits, microgrids have also increased a number of challenges, including the issue of security. In this way, there are two main problems that the microgrid has address in relation to its protection. First, determining when it should be isolated from the main grid, e.g., in response to abnormal conditions that could occur for utility. Secondly, the provision of properly coordinated services and reliable protection system so that it can be reliable trip in case of internal failure.

Project Objectives

Objectives: -

                 The objective of this project is to give protection of the all-sensitive equipment used in microgrid. It is of significant academic interest to develop cheap, dependable and robust protection systems for a microgrid for both academic and commercial usage. The major equipment in the microgrid is following

1.         Power transformer.

2.         Bus bar.

3.         Sensitive Equipment.

Project Implementation Method

Protection scheme based on the current principle and the time-dependent characteristics of the current it prevents high fault clearance times and maximizes the DG's connection to the distribution network provided by the strategy extra advantage of managing extended radial networks with directly coupled DGs (D-DGs) or closed-loop networks with converter-based DGs (C-DG). However, this scheme is most effective when the number of relays is increased. The overcurrent draw strategy for MV power supply with CDG updates the minimum response of the OC relay current based on the system fault analysis. However, when some DGs are disconnected then this scheme is more effective. A protection strategy that uses conventional OC relays with definite time classification for LV microgrid with both C-DGs and D-DGs scheme is economical because, this scheme does not use any communication link and can be applied without any modification of existing protection scheme. So here we used PIC microcontroller f81677a burn it with such program as current or voltage increase or decrease from specific value then it operates relay and isolate circuit from supply and shift it either grid-connected mode or islanded mode which is normal.

Protection scheme based on the current principle and the time-dependent characteristics of the current it prevents high fault clearance times and maximizes the DG's connection to the distribution network provided by the strategy extra advantage of managing extended radial networks with directly coupled DGs (D-DGs) or closed-loop networks with converter-based DGs (C-DG). However, this scheme is most effective when the number of relays is increased. The overcurrent draw strategy for MV power supply with CDG updates the minimum response of the OC relay current based on the system fault analysis. However, when some DGs are disconnected then this scheme is more effective. A protection strategy that uses conventional OC relays with definite time classification for LV microgrid with both C-DGs and D-DGs scheme is economical because, this scheme does not use any communication link and can be applied without any modification of existing protection scheme. So here we used PIC microcontroller f81677a burn it with such program as current or voltage increase or decrease from specific value then it operates relay and isolate circuit from supply and shift it either grid-connected mode or islanded mode which is normal.

Benefits of the Project

A microgrid can switch between these two modes due to scheduled maintenance, reduced power quality or shortage in the host network, local network failures, or for economic reasons.  By modifying the energy flow through the microgrid components, microgrids facilitate the integration of renewable energy generation such as photovoltaic, wind, and fuel cells without requiring the redesign of the national distribution system.  Modern optimization methods can also be incorporated into the microgrid's energy management system to improve efficiency, economy, and resilience. Whenever if the fault occurs this system will isolate equipment as well as the shift to normal supply to avoid damaging them

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Major Specifications include PIC microcontroller, Power transformer, solar panel, a dry 12 volt battery, varrow board, stepdown Transfomer, step up transformer, current sensor, voltage sensor, transistors,variac, charge controller inverter circuit.

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry Energy Other IndustriesCore Technology OthersOther TechnologiesSustainable Development GoalsRequired Resources

Elapsed time in (days or weeks or month or quarter) since start of the project	Milestone	Deliverable
Month 1	Month 1 Literature review Nil	nil
Month 2	Month 2 Hardware Designing, Report Writing	Modular Simulation
Month 3	Month 3 Hardware Designing, Report Writing	Modular Simulation
Month 4	Month 4 Software (Coding)	Software Modeling
Month 5	Month 5 Hardware Designing	Patching of Hardware
Month 6	Month 6 Hardware Integration, Report Writing	Hardware Integration
Month 7	Month 7 Connections of all equipment	Complete Hardware Modeling
Month 8	Month 8 Testing, Report Finalization, Research Paper Writing	Final Project Deliverable