Design & Implementation of Prototype for Monitoring and Controlling of Substation using PLC & HMI
Major problems of existing sub stations are manual control, no secondary protection system and use of wired mechanism etc. In existing system, a technical operator is required near the substation who turns switchgears ON and OFF manually. In case of failure of primary or main
Project Title
Design & Implementation of Prototype for Monitoring and Controlling of Substation using PLC & HMI
Project Area of Specialization
Project Summary
Major problems of existing sub stations are manual control, no secondary protection system and use of wired mechanism etc.
- In existing system, a technical operator is required near the substation who turns switchgears ON and OFF manually. In case of failure of primary or mains protection there is no backup to compensate this problem.
- In existing system, with manual switching, there is a high chance of error occurrence. It is also harmful for operator because incorrect interlocking can flash the equipment and it will also damage the other connected sensitive and highly cost apparatus. To control these equipment’s manually, wired systems were too massive to be planned.
- In existing substation, lack of proper monitoring with a single interface to provide all necessary parameter of power system on screen.
The above mentioned complications are tackled by having “PLC and HMI system” in substation. In substation key complication is that when fault occurs at substation, current system sometimes does not identify fault, existing relay based system takes extra time to trip, sometimes does not generate alarms and have no human machine interface for optimal interfacing with substation equipment’s. Additionally, we are using a special switching mechanism to operate switchgear at substation such as isolator works as OFF load device and circuit breaker works as ON load devices.
Project Objectives
Major objectives of work:
- Secondary Protection.
- Automatic Interlocking.
- Automatic Monitring and Controlling.
- Interfacing View Of The System.
- Load Protection according to Current rating.
Project Implementation Method
This Implementation of this project is based on secndary protection & monitoring and controlling of interlocking isolator, circuit breaker and earth switch on a three phase system with single bus bar arrangement. PLC programmed to control the interlocking of these switch gears working principles and monitoring with the help of HMI. Using C.T. and P.T, voltage, current, power factors and other factor related to a power system is being monitored. HMI will provides us with a optimize interface that interact with system and if any fault or disturbance occurs to the system and switch off the system on its own.On load side,in case of overload condition the load is triped as it exceeds its rating.This system provides us the moniting and controling of single phase load as well as for three phase load on basis of their current ratings.This system provide us with a full control over substation system and will overcome the old-fashioned system.
Benefits of the Project
There are some benefits of using this system in the substation automation.
1-PLCs and HMIs based system required less time as compared of relay wired system.
2- Automating Tripping of the faulty part and HMI will provides us with a fault location.
3- Provides automatic switching of isolator which is done manually in substations.
4- Provide us with a full control over substation system as well as on single phase loads and e phase load.
Technical Details of Final Deliverable
Three phase supply 380V
Average Current on Bus bar 8-10 A
Supply for relays/contactor 220
DC supply 24v
Load (3) Load 1: 3-phase Induction Motor (0.75kw)
Load 2: 2-Bulbs(0.1kw*2)
Load 3: 2-Bulbs(0.1kw*2)
Final Deliverable of the Project
Core Industry
Other Industries
Core Technology
Other Technologies
Sustainable Development Goals
Required Resources
| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PLC | Equipment | 1 | 12500 | 12500 |
| HMI | Equipment | 1 | 18500 | 18500 |
| PLC Programming cable | Equipment | 1 | 2700 | 2700 |
| Power analyzer | Equipment | 1 | 9441 | 9441 |
| Circuit breaker | Equipment | 2 | 4000 | 8000 |
| Current transformer | Equipment | 3 | 350 | 1050 |
| Magnetic contactor | Equipment | 4 | 1800 | 7200 |
| Relays | Equipment | 6 | 250 | 1500 |
| Relay base | Equipment | 6 | 50 | 300 |
| Insulator | Equipment | 6 | 30 | 180 |
| Bus bar | Equipment | 3 | 800 | 2400 |
| Wire | Equipment | 28 | 90 | 2520 |
| Breaker channel | Equipment | 1 | 80 | 80 |
| Board | Equipment | 0 | 800 | 0 |
| Over load relay | Equipment | 3 | 950 | 2850 |
| Traveling | Miscellaneous | 1 | 6000 | 6000 |
| Total in (Rs) | 75221 |
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