Demand Side Energy Management System for Household Appliances

Project Title

Demand Side Energy Management System for Household Appliances

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

Electricity is an important need for the development of society. Pakistan is a type of region where the supply cannot meet the demand and hence it faces a huge crisis of electricity. But at the same time Pakistan is situated on such a blessed region where there are four seasons and a lot of potential of renewable energy.

The proposed work in this project suggests an idea to minimize the burden on national grid during on peak hours with the help of a smart management system at the load side to make the use of electrical energy able to work more efficient. The vision behind this project constitutes two important factors i.e. to minimize the cost of electricity and to management of different loads. This project aims to provide a smart load management system. Load Management System (LMS) improves energy efficiency, consumption and conservation. It does not decrease total energy consumption, but can reduce the energy cost by managing it smartly.

The smart load management system will be developed which would be able to decide the best supply for the load at a given time. LMS will be provided with two energy sources to switch between, including a renewable source (PV Cells) and the national grid (WAPDA). It would also be able to discriminate between the ON peak and Off-peak hours. LMS will decide the best supply for the load during ON peak and Off-peak hours based of their prices and. In order to achieve these objectives, data analysis of different hours in a day based on the cost of electricity is required which will help to discriminate between ON peak and off-peak hours. The priority will be given to the cheapest supply available during ON Peak hours. Load distribution of different machines based on supply priority and user trend will help to reduce the power consumption during ON Peak hours efficiently and to minimize the monthly bill.

Project Objectives

• Design and implementation of a Electric Load Management (ELM) system with a target to switch between two different sources, such as Solar PV System and Main Grid.

• The ELM system will also discriminate between Off-peak and On-peak hours to minimize the power consumption cost for a household.

• The ELM system will prepare itself for On-peak hours before its arrival by ensuring the availability of the cheapest source during On-peak hours.

• The ELM system will estimate the monthly electricity bill for the user based on electricity usage.

Project Implementation Method Tools:

• Arudino
• Arduino IDE
• Inverter
• Solar Panel

Development Stage

In order to work effectively project is divided into different stages defined as following:

Inverter Implementation

A modified sine wave inverter implemented, which is used as a secondary source. Energy generated from PV cell stored in DC battery in form electricity. Stored electric energy in battery is then converted to AC with the help of inverter which will help to provide electricity to household loads during on-peak hours.

Arduino Mega

We used Arduino mega as a device which will help in scheduling of load and switching between power sources. Program based on algorithm developed in such a way that it will prepare a renewable source to be fully available during On-peak hours by limiting its availability during Off-peak hours this is to reduce the cost.

Programming

A program is developed to achieve this goal. The program first checks the current month and based on that month it determines the current on peak hours and off peak hours based on LESCO. After that microcontroller checks the current time and based on that time it’ll make decision to select the cheapest source available. It also ensures the availably of secondary source i.e. battery during on-peak hours and use it efficiently during off-peak hours.

Interfacing of LCD with Arduino

All the data i.e. power consumption estimated monthly bill displayed on L.C.D for the ease of consumer. So, a 16x4 interfaced with Arduino and required data was displayed.

Benefits of the Project

• The system will help to manage household load on different time.
• It will help to minimize the electricity consumption during on-peak hours.
• The system will use the cheapest source at given time.
• The system will ensure the availability of PV source / battery during on peak hours.
• The system will minimize the load on grid during on-peak hours.
• The system will minimize the electricity monthly bill of the user.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The ELM system comprises of two parts:

1. Dual Power Management System Hardware

1. A hardware-based ELM system that will manage different load and select a power supply based on off-peak hours and on-peak hours.
2. ELM system will prepare itself by charging batteries that will be fully available as a cheaper source during on-peak hours.
3. ELM system will store different parameters such as power, voltage and current used by loads using real-time approach.

1. Recommender System

1. An offline system that will use a pre-stored data to select most economical power source at a given time.
2. Hourly based data such as timing and electricity cost of on-peak and off-peak hours will be stored in ELM system for offline calculations and estimation of monthly bill.
3. ELM system will discriminate between off-peak hours and on-peak hours using stored data.

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Finance Core Technology OthersOther Technologies Shared EconomySustainable Development Goals Affordable and Clean Energy, Decent Work and Economic Growth, Responsible Consumption and ProductionRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	49950
Arduino Mega	Equipment	1	1800	1800
Relay	Equipment	10	100	1000
Multimeter	Equipment	1	2000	2000
Connecting Wires	Equipment	15	100	1500
Battery	Equipment	1	10000	10000
Solar Panel	Equipment	1	12000	12000
Bulb	Equipment	2	350	700
Bulb Holder	Equipment	2	100	200
Motor	Equipment	2	1500	3000
Transformer (200W)	Equipment	1	5000	5000
IR2110 (MOSFET Driver IC)	Equipment	2	300	600
MOSFETs	Equipment	4	50	200
Breadboard	Equipment	2	150	300
Printing	Miscellaneous	300	5	1500
PCB Designing	Equipment	4	2000	8000
Resistors, Capacitors, Diodes	Equipment	30	15	450
LCD	Equipment	1	1000	1000
30Amp C.T.	Equipment	1	700	700