DC Motor Speed Control Unit For Conveyor Belt

Project Title

DC Motor Speed Control Unit For Conveyor Belt

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

These motors are developed in in previous 26 years ago .These motor are made by a

small motor like magnetic stepper motor that has the router position sensor and it has

also a solid state electronic circuit switching circuit.These motor are known brushless

dc motor because they run from DC source and main point is that it does not have com

mutators and brushes.

This main advantage of BLDC motor as in brushed DC motor is that it has high rota

tional speed of these motors. The high rotational speed causes increased brush wear

and requires regular maintenance every few thousand hours because the brushes worn

out. If the motors works in a such a low­pressure environment i.e (at high height in an

airplane), brushes wore out so badly.These brushes mush be replaced after an hour.

Project Objectives

Our main objective is to design and practical implementation of closed loop DC motor

speed control system using PID controller as one of its main industrial application is

that it is used in conveyor belt .So our project will completely based on closed loop DC

motor speed control system for conveyer belt in which we will be controlling its speed

for efficiency and accuracy of speed .We will use PID controller and for variation of

speed, we will be using PWM technique in which the voltage varied according to the on

time of Duty cycle .

Project Implementation Method

The brushless DC engine comprises of the multiphase twisting on a nonsalient stator and

a profoundly polarized PM rotor. Figure 2.0 shows the schematic chart of a brushless

dc engine. The multiphase winding might be a solitary curl or dispersed over the post

range. Dc or air conditioning voltage can be applied to singular stage windings through

a successive changing activity to accomplish the important substitution to bestow turn.

In the event that winding 1 is empowered, the PM rotor lines up with the attractive field

created by winding 1. When winding 1 is turned off while winding 2 is turned on, the

rotor is made to pivot to agree with the attractive field of winding 2, and so on. The rotor

position can be distinguished by utilizing either Lobby impact or photoelectric gadgets.

The ideal speed–force normal for a brushless dc engine as appeared in Figure 2.1 can

be acquired by the control of the size and the pace of exchanging of the stage flows.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mXh7qcxta575qKBrR0hSQ8VaedT4Y_zy/view?usp=sharingimages/'DC Motor Speed Control Unit For Conveyor Belt' _1639955439.

Brushless drives are essentially coordinated engine drives in restraint mode. The arma

ture gracefully recurrence is changed in relation to the rotor speed changes so that the

armature field consistently moves at a similar speed as the rotor. The discretion guar

antees that for all working focuses the armature and rotor fields move precisely at the

equivalent speed. This keeps the engine from pulling conflicted, chasing motions, and

unsteadiness because of a stage change in force or recurrence. The exact following of

the speed is ordinarily acknowledged with a rotor position sensor.

Benefits of the Project

In industries DC mo­ tors are widely

used for speed control and load characteristics as its easy control­ lability provide ef

fective and precise output. In this project we used brushless DC motor for controlling

the speed of conveyor belt as It provides high speed stability, energy saving and space

saving. Brushless DC motors also allow for stable speed control even with a fluctuating

load and offer constant torque over a wide speed range. The control unit is closed loop

and PID controller have been used for precise and efficient output speed.

It is very useful for us in our daily life. In home ap­ pliances it is used in

washing machines, dryers and water pumps as well. It is also useful in our automobile

industry. We want to control speed whenever the load varies so only DC motors can

fulfil our demands .It also gives advantages over mechanical speed control. It is also

used in levitation trains and electric vehicles of modern era. They have better voltage

characteristics and they have 95 per­ cent efficiency. They are very useful in our cement

industry as it is used in cranes, pulleys and lifts as well so our project will basically

depend on controlling the Dc motor speed control.

Technology is everywhere. In modern days our industries require advancement, effi

ciency and better quality. In the past we faced problems like various lim­ itations such

as poor efficiency ,large size and lower speeds but now we have variable speed drive

systems which are not only in small size but also very ef­ ficient, highly reliable and can

fulfill the demands of various industries. DC motors have been used in variable speed

drives they can provide high starting torques and control a wide range of speed.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The significant contrasts between the DC engine and the BLDC is given in the name.

The regular DC engine has brushes that are joined to its stator while the ”brushless” DC

engine doesn’t have brushes appended to the stator as the name suggest . Additionally,

dissimilar to the typical DC engine, the replacement of the BLDC should be possible

by electronic control. Under the BLDC engine, the stator windings are invigorated in

arrangement for the engine to pivot. All the more likewise, there is no physical contact

at all between the stator and the rotor. Another imperative aspect of the BLDC is the hall

effect sensor(s)? these sensors are efficiently appended to the rotor and they are utilized

as significant detecting device by the hall effect sensors connected to the stator. This

works dependent on the hall effect sensor Impact.

The BLDC engine works in numerous modes (stages), yet the most well­known is the

3­stage. The 3­stage has good efficiency and gives very low torque. However, it has

some cost problems, the 3­stage has a generally excellent eprecision in control .

The dc voltage will provide fixed voltage to inverter which results constant speed For

variation of speed we have to vary the voltage using the module called PWM which

is signal that looks like square wave that repeat itself at certain frequency Actually the

DC voltage is turn on and off to generate PWM of certain frequency in this way DC

voltage get averaged according to its on time if we increase on time the voltage will

increase upto DC voltage and if we decrease the on time the voltage will decrease upto

zero. In our module we will directly modulate the phase voltage directly We will have

two vectors of opposite switching pattern and PWM will on and off between these two

switching patterns Resulting the averaged back emf according to desired speed.

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Others Core Technology OthersOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Decent Work and Economic Growth, Responsible Consumption and ProductionRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	51250
Hall Effect Sensor	Equipment	3	650	1950
LCD	Equipment	1	500	500
Temperature Sensor	Equipment	1	400	400
Conveyor Belt Module	Equipment	4	100	400
PID Controller	Equipment	8	300	2400
12V power Supply	Equipment	4	400	1600
Protection Circuit(Logic Gates)	Equipment	1	500	500
Brushless DC Motor	Equipment	1	15000	15000
Mosfets	Equipment	8	400	3200
Resistors	Equipment	20	50	1000
Capacitors	Equipment	16	15	240
T-blocks	Equipment	15	200	3000
IC base	Equipment	10	200	2000
Connecting wires	Equipment	40	200	8000
PCB board	Equipment	4	500	2000
Fecl3 for Etching	Equipment	4	140	560
Inventor	Equipment	1	800	800
Drilling and Soldering components	Equipment	1	300	300
Filter design	Equipment	1	5000	5000
Transparency sheet	Equipment	20	90	1800
stationary items	Equipment	1	500	500
printing	Equipment	1	100	100